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Part 8: Pattern Recognition and Image Processing; International audience; Paper-based documents are important and still widely used in government agencies and private entities as some documents cannot be replaced by electronic documents. These include loan agreements, dispatch or contracts, household registrations and passports. They must be paper-based. Paper-based documents can be easily forged with a printer and a scanner, and imaging software can easily edit them. This paper presents a paper-based document authentication by applying a digital signature and HC2D barcode to verify the integrity of the text message and the sender of the document. This is useful both for a quick inspection of documents with large quantities and monitoring that may help prevent fraud and forgery which may have occurred.

Consumers are often willing to contribute their personal data for analytics projects that may create new insights into societal problems. However, consumers also have justified privacy concerns about the release of their data.

This paper presents the results from a tertiary entrance test that was delivered to two groups of candidates, one as a paper based test and the other as a computer based test. Item level differential reveals a pattern that appears related to item type: questions based on diagrammatic stimulus show a pattern of increased difficulty when delivered on computer. Differential in performance was not present in other sections of the test and it would appear unlikely to be explained by demographic differences between the groups. It is suggested this differential is due to the inability of the candidates to freely annotate on the stimulus when delivered on computer screen. More work needs to be done on considering the role of annotation as a problem solving strategy in high-stakes testing, in particular with certain kinds of stimulus, such as diagrams.

Over several decades, a large body of research has been established that focuses on Pen-and-Paper Computing. This chapter reviews previous work of the field – both from a technological and interface perspective – and discusses future directions of research and development.

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are a viable technology for providing access to Electronic Medical Records at the point-of-care. However, acceptance of this technology by clinicians will depend on how easy they can make the transition from the system they normally use to a PDA-based system. Since many hospitals are still using paper-based patient record systems this study intends to provide some insight on the aspects that need to be considered in the transition from a paper-based system to a PDA-based system. The study compares the interaction of nurses with PDA-based and paper-based nursing documentation systems in terms of performance and subjective satisfaction. Twenty staff nurses from a metropolitan hospital performed twelve tasks on each system. The study supports the conclusion that a PDA-based nursing documentation system can be superior to a paper-based system in term of performance for tasks that don't required writing notes. Nurses were significantly more satisfied with the PDA-based system than with the paper-based system with every interaction and system aspect evaluated on the study. In general the results of the study provide hard evidence to predict an easy transition for nurses from a paper-based system to a PDA-based system nursing documentation system.

This paper takes the management system of paper machine’s disassembly and assembly as research objects, and introduces RFID technology as well as the application of RFID. Then it establishes basic information management of paper machine, marking information management, installation information management, serial communication and other functional modules. The monitoring system adopts VC6.0 and SQL as the original developing tools. At first, it needs to analyse and construct system functional modules of paper machine, then it designs engineering framework-a kind of visual user management interface- in VC platform. Finally, it does the mapping coefficient and data transmitting from the engineering framework to database by ADO database access.

Almost everyone agrees on the central role that simulation plays in the understanding of complex systems such as the 3D network formed by stacking millions of fibers on top of each other in a paper sheet. Clearly, the computational implementation of the few models which describe the microstructure of paper is far from trivial. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, there is no description in the literature of the methodology used for programming these algorithms. As a contribution towards overcoming this gap, the present article explains the software implementation of key features of a 3D random fiber deposition model into a high-level MATLAB computer code.

This paper introduces the compelled certificate creation attack, in which government agencies may compel a certificate authority to issue false SSL certificates that can be used by intelligence agencies to covertly intercept and hijack individuals' secure Web-based communications.

With tactile paper prototyping user interfaces can be evaluated with blind users in an early design stage. First, we describe two existing paper prototyping methods, visual and haptic paper prototyping, and indicate their limitations for blind users. Subsequently, we present our experiences while preparing, conducting and analysing tests performed using tactile paper prototyping. Based on our experiences, we provide recommendations for this new usability evaluation method.

This paper presents some algorithms for a novel simulation of the folding and cut crafts in Chinese Paper-cut. All algorithms in simulation are designed by consideration of the real Paper-cut's whole process. We applies area filling algorithm, polygon clipping algorithm, contour extraction algorithm and subdivision curve algorithm, with the proper improvement that meets the technique of the art in the nature, to yield some vivid Paper-cut works. Our approach is feasible to anyone with the desire, due to Paper-cut illumines itself in 2D and all the operations are also in 2D.Moverover, recent compelling graphic systems, such as Flash, Photoshop, Maya and 3DMax, did not provide a similar interface for paper's fold and decorative pattern which are primary elements in Paper-cut. However, our approach not only meets the interest of the Paper-cut, but also holds an interface for these compelling systems because of measuring up the SVG.

An increasing number of Internet traders exclusively sell digital products. These digital products can include media files, licenses, services, or subscriptions. We consider the concept of digital provenance in reseller chains. The goal of this work is to provide an honest customer with a guarantee on the origin and ownership history for a digital item even when the reseller they are dealing with is untrusted. We introduce a protocol called the Tagged Transaction protocol which uses a third party called the Tag Generation Centre (TGC) to provide a method for honest customers to check they are purchasing a legitimate item, anonymity for customers and resellers, a method for customers to resell items they have purchased to other customers, and verification of the TGC.

In Role Based Access Control (RBAC) systems, formulating a correct set of roles, assigning appropriate privileges to roles, and assigning roles to users are the fundamental design tasks. Whether these tasks are performed by a human (e.g., system administrator) or by a machine (e.g., expert system), misconfigurations are likely to occur. The misconfigurations could manifest as under-privileges (fewer privileges assigned) or over-privileges (more privileges than necessary). In this paper, we describe an approach based on role mining to detect and correct such misconfigurations. Here, the overlap among the users and privileges of different roles is used to identify possible misconfigurations.

We examine the properties and use of paper in everyday settings and discuss the motivation for retaining paper as an information medium. In particular, we consider the use of paper maps and guidebooks by tourists during city visits as an example of a mobile and collaborative environment. We then go on to present recent developments in technologies for digital paper and how they can be used to seamlessly integrate digital and printed information.

Cooperation between participants is essential to P2P applications' viability. Due to obscure possibility to match peers' needs and supplies in pairs, the widely used pair-wise exchange-based incentive schemes perform poorly. The N-way exchange-based incentive scheme enlarges the matching possibility by introducing n person exchanges. But some old problems remain and some new ones emerge with the N-way design. In this paper we present an enhanced n-way exchange-based incentive scheme for P2P file sharing systems. By distributing extra tasks to all the peers involved in an n-way exchange, the proposed scheme eliminates prohibitive computation and communication cost on the cooperators, resulting in greater efficiency, effectiveness, and security.

There has been considerable interest recently on developing a system to track items like pharmaceutical drugs or food products. Such a system can help prevent counterfeits, aid product recall, and improve general logistics. In this paper, we present such system based on radio frequency identity (RFID) technology. Our solution provides the means of storing the entire movement of the item from original manufacturer to final consumer on the RFID tag itself, and also makes it more difficult to introduce large numbers of counterfeits. The solution also allows the end user to easily verify the authenticity of the item.

Smart mobile devices process and store a vast amount of security- and privacy-sensitive data. To protect this data from malicious applications mobile operating systems, such as Android, adopt fine-grained access control architectures. However, related work has shown that these access control architectures are susceptible to application-layer privilege escalation attacks. Both automated static and dynamic program analysis promise to proactively detect such attacks. Though while state-of-the-art static analysis frameworks cannot adequately address native and highly obfuscated code, dynamic analysis is vulnerable to malicious applications using logic bombs to avoid early detection.

Geoinformation systems (GIS) contain information about objects in geographic space; the focus on geographic space [1] determines the scale of spatial objects and processes of interest at a spatial resolution of approximatively 0.1 m to 40.000 km and to changes occurring once a minute to once a million years. Geographic information is a diverse field which includes many special applications, each of which has special requirements, with special kinds of geometry and particular geometric operations.

Software architecture (SA) evaluation is a quality assurance technique that is increasingly attracting significant research and commercial interests. A number of SA evaluation methods have been developed. Most of these methods are scenario-based, which relies on the quality of the scenarios used for the evaluation. Most of the existing techniques for developing scenarios use stakeholders and requirements documents as main sources of collecting scenarios. Recently, architectures of large software systems are usually composed of patterns and styles. One of the purposes of using patterns is to develop systems with predictable quality attributes. Since patterns are documented in a format that requires the inclusion of problem, solution and quality consequences, we observed that scenarios are, though as informal text, pervasive in patterns description, which can be extracted and documented for the SA evaluation. Thus, we claim that the patterns can be another source of collecting quality attributes sensitive scenarios. This position paper presents arguments and examples to support our claim.

When writing a program generator requires considerable intellectual effort,it is pleasant to amortize that effort by using the generator to build more than one application. When a program generator serves multiple clients,however, the implementor must address pragmatic questions that implementors of single-use program generators can ignore. In how many languages should generated code be written? How should code be packaged? What should the interfaces to the client code look like? How should a user control variations? This paper uses exam- ples from SLED, λ-RTL, and ASDL to elaborate on these questions. It is hoped that the paper will stimulate discussion and the development of better techniques. Most urgently needed is a simple, clear way to control interfaces to generated code.

Following the Model-Driven Architecture (MDA),a system description consists of several models,i.e.views of the system.This paper is concerned with formal conformance tests between different models.It stresses the need for formal semantical foundations of all languages that are used to express models.In particular,we classify conformance tests for implementation models

The mission of theoretical cryptography is to define and construct provably secure cryptographic protocols and schemes. Without proofs of security, cryptographic constructs offer no guarantees whatsoever and no basis for evaluation and comparison. As most security proofs necessarily come in the form of a reduction between the security claim and an intractability assumption, such proofs are ultimately only as good as the assumptions they are based on. Thus, the complexity implications of every assumption we utilize should be of significant substance, and serve as the yard stick for the value of our proposals. Lately, the field of cryptography has seen a sharp increase in the number of new assumptions that are often complex to define and difficult to interpret. At times, these assumptions are hard to untangle from the constructions which utilize them. We believe that the lack of standards of what is accepted as a reasonable cryptographic assumption can be harmful to the credibility of our field. Therefore, there is a great need for measures according to which we classify and compare assumptions, as to which are safe and which are not. In this paper, we propose such a classification and review recently suggested assumptions in this light. This follows the footsteps of Naor Crypto 2003. Our governing principle is relying on hardness assumptions that are independent of the cryptographic constructions.

Process and workflow technology have traditionally not allowed for the specification of, nor run-time enforcement of, real-time requirements, despite the fact that time-to-market and other real-time constraints are more stringent than ever. Without specification of timing constraints, process designers cannot effectively reason about real-time constraints on process programs and the efficacy of their process programs in satisfying those constraints. Furthermore, without executable semantics for those timing specifications, such reasoning might not be applicable to the process as actually executed. We seek to support reasoning about the real-time requirements of software processes. In this paper, we describe work in which we have added real-time specifications to a process programming language, and in which we have added deadline timers and task scheduling to enforce the real-time requirements of processes.

The ScienceWISE system is a collaborative ontology editor and paper annotation tool designed to help researchers in their discovery. In this paper, we describe the system currently deployed at sciencewise.info and the exposition of its data as Linked Data. During the “RDFization” process, we faced issues to encode the knowledge base in SKOS and find resources to link to on the LOD. We discuss these issues and the remaining open challenges to implement some target features.

Up to the twenty-first century, paper is still widely adopted for recording and reading. However, paper-based materials are fully capable of presenting abstract concepts and complicated knowledge with static text and figures. Learners usually need timely and adequate supports when encountering difficulties during learning. With a consideration of applying technologies, the learning tool must have a certain mobility and accessibility for acquiring facilitative resources. Using the networking capability of smartphone to access digital content from the Internet to enrich conventional paper-based learning activities is worth investigating. This chapter introduces an augmentation-enhanced learning context with an integration of digital content into paper-based materials in order to facilitate learning. Constructive feedback, scaffolding questioning, and procedural scaffolding are three strategies applied into the instructional designs and learning system. Quasi-experiments for personal learning and collaborative learning were also conducted to evaluate the effects on learning performance. The results suggest that the three instructional designs had significantly positive effects on individual’s learning performance. Team’s learning performance and team’s discourse levels were promoted as well. This chapter lays out a strong foundation for researchers to further explore how to better design different learning strategies for different learning subjects in the augmentation-enhanced learning context using smartphones. It is hoped that educational practitioners are able to obtain concrete ideas and solutions on how to better leverage the benefits of both paper-based content and digital learning materials in a real blended learning environment.

Many documents exist in both paper and electronic forms. Paper has many well-known advantages, but electronic texts often contain useful information that is not easily accessible from printed paper versions. SGML texts, in particular, are rich sources of additional information. The Active Alice project shows how a reader can use a paper document to access information from its corresponding electronic version without having to manipulate the electronic version via a separate computer interface.

Recent studies in science and engineering education support that inductive learning activities encouraging active student involvement may improve students’ motivation, development of soft skills and academic performance, compared to traditional lectures. Until recently, several technology-enhanced learning environments have been proposed to facilitate such activities in classrooms. However, these commonly depend on dedicated hardware devices, such as clickers or tablet PCs. Contrastingly, smartphones are being massively adopted by society as these become increasingly powerful and inexpensive. Even so, the use of smartphones as learning tools in lecture halls has still not been widely adopted. In this paper we present CollPhoto, a paper-plus-smartphone environment that supports face-to-face problem solving activities in the classroom. CollPhoto provides the instructor with instant visibility of students’ work, and facilitates him/her conducting discussions, based on a selection of students’ responses. We report on the design and initial validation of CollPhoto in the context of two computer science courses.

In this world of digital and social media booms, a number of people spend their valuable times burying heads in smartphones, resulting in unintentional increased gaps in physical relationship with people nearby. A hybrid digital-physical medium is a possible solution for this problem by means of externalizing social media data and integrating them into a physical medium somehow. In this way, using social media will simultaneously connect us with both virtual and physical worlds.

This study compares the performances of paper and electronic media during a reading task that includes frequent page turning. In the experiment, 18 subjects read multi-page documents aloud while referring to endnotes using paper, a large display, and a small display. Results revealed that reading from paper was 6.8% faster than reading from a large electronic display and 11.4% faster than reading from a small electronic display. No difference was found between scores of recognition tests of important words of documents among the three conditions, which indicates that paper is the most effective medium for people to read text speedily without reducing comprehension. Detailed analyses of the reading process show that, in the Paper condition, people perform both text reading and page-turning simultaneously. However, when using computer displays, reading and turning pages were divided completely and performed separately.

Nowadays, mobile devices are widely used as navigation aids, e.g., for car navigation. Their greatest advantage is the ability of automatic position tracking. In indoor environments, this feature is often not available, since indoor localization techniques are not ready for the mass-market yet. What remains is a small display with limited space for route visualizations. In contrast, the variable size of paper allows for the representation of additional context information as a means for spatial understanding and orientation in space, rendering it a valuable alternative presentation medium for indoor navigation aids. Independent of the medium used, provided visualizations must meet specific cartographic requirements like clarity, comprehensibility, and expedience. Within a co-operation between geoinformation science and sociology, we develop and investigate cartographic methods for effective route guidance in indoor environments. Our evaluation base comes from user studies conducted with more than 3,000 visitors, of both genders and aged between 4 and 78 years. These user studies were collected during the “Long Nights of Science” in Berlin in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. We used paper as the presentation medium for our experiments, not only for practical reasons but also because we want to confront our participants with a solution which does not align to the current trend. Within this article we put special focus on media characteristics and users’ media preferences. Therefore, we asked our participants about their opinion on the provided paper maps in contrast to mobile solutions. Based on their answers, we could derive media characteristics relevant from a user’s perspective, as well as the affinities of different user groups. One astonishing outcome was that 11–15 year-old teenagers indicate a much higher tendency towards paper maps than towards smartphone apps.

With dramatic increasing of scientific research papers, scientific paper mining systems have become more popular for efficient paper retrieval and analysis. However, existing keyword based search engines, language or topic model based mining systems cannot provide customized queries according to various user requirements. Hence, in this paper, we are motivated to propose a novel TAIL (Time-Author-Institute-Literature) model to capture the relationships among literature, authors, institutes and time stamps. Based on the TAIL model, we implement the Massive Scientific Paper Mining (MSPM) system and set up a B/S (Browser/Server) structure for web services. The evaluation results on large real data show that our MSPM system could deliver desirable mining results, providing valuable data supports for scientific research cooperations.

This paper analyzes what stylistic characteristics differentiate different styles of writing, and specifically types of different A-level computer science articles. To do so, we compared various full papers using stylistic feature sets and a supervised machine learning method. We report on the success of this approach in identifying papers from the last 6 years of the following three conferences: SIGIR, ACL, and AAMAS. This approach achieves high accuracy results of 95.86%, 97.04%, 93.22%, and 92.14% for the following four classification experiments: (1) SIGIR / ACL, (2) SIGIR / AAMAS, (3) ACL / AAMAS, and (4) SIGIR / ACL / AAMAS, respectively. The Part of Speech (PoS) and the Orthographic sets were superior to all others and have been found as key components in different types of writing.

The goal of this research is to design a multi-label classification model which determines the research topics of a given technical paper. Based on the idea that papers are well organized and some parts of papers are more important than others for text classification, segments such as title, abstract, introduction and conclusion are intensively used in text representation. In addition, new features called Title Bi-Gram and Title SigNoun are used to improve the performance. The results of the experiments indicate that feature selection based on text segmentation and these two features are effective. Furthermore, we proposed a new model for text classification based on the structure of papers, called Back-off model, which achieves 60.45% Exact Match Ratio and 68.75% F-measure. It was also shown that Back-off model outperformed two existing methods, ML-kNN and Binary Approach.

RC4 is (still) a very widely-used stream cipher. Previous work by AlFardan et al. (USENIX Security 2013) and Paterson et al. (FSE 2014) exploited the presence of biases in the RC4 keystreams to mount plaintext recovery attacks against TLS-RC4 and WPA/TKIP. We improve on the latter work by performing large-scale computations to obtain accurate estimates of the single-byte and double-byte distributions in the early portions of RC4 keystreams for the WPA/TKIP context and by then using these distributions in a novel variant of the previous plaintext recovery attacks. The distribution computations were conducted using the Amazon EC2 cloud computing infrastructure and involved the coordination of 213 hyper-threaded cores running in parallel over a period of several days. We report on our experiences of computing at this scale using commercial cloud services. We also study Microsoft’s Point-to-Point Encryption protocol and its use of RC4, showing that it is also vulnerable to our attack techniques.

U-Prove is a credential system that allows users to disclose information about themselves in a minimalistic way. Roughly speaking, in the U-Prove system a user obtains certified cryptographic tokens containing a set of attributes and is able to disclose a subset of his attributes to a verifier, while hiding the undisclosed attributes. In U-prove the actual identity of a token holder is hidden from verifiers, however each token has a static public key (i.e. token pseudonym), which makes a single token traceable, by what we mean that, if a token is presented twice to a verifier, then the verifier knows that it is the same token. We propose an extension to the U-Prove system which enables users to show U-Prove tokens in a blinded form, so even if a single token is presented twice, a verifier is not able to tell whether it is the same token or two distinct tokens. Our proposition is an optional extension, not changing the core of the U-Prove system. A verifier decides whether to use issuer signatures from U-Prove, or the blind certificates from the extension.

With the increasing of the amount of the scientific papers, it is very important and difficult for paper-sharing platforms to recommend related papers accurately for users. This paper tackles the problem by proposing a method that models user historical behavior. Through collecting the operations on scientific papers of online users and carrying on the detailed analysis, we build preference model for each user. The personalized recommendation model is constructed based on content-based filtering model and statistical language model.. Experimental results show that users’ historical behavior plays an important role in user preference modeling and the proposed method improves the final predication performance in the field of technical papers recommendation.

E-health requires the sharing of patient-related data when and where necessary. Electronic health records (EHR) allow the structured and expandable collection of medical data needed for clinical research studies and thereby not only enable the optimization of clinical studies, but also results in higher statistical significance due to a larger number of samples. While the digitization of medical data and the organization of this data within EHRs have been introduced in some areas, massive amounts of paper-based health records are still produced on a daily basis. This data has to be stored for decades due to legal reasons but is of no benefit for research organizations, as the unstructured medical data in paper-based health records cannot be efficiently used for clinical studies. Furthermore, legal regulations prohibit the use of documents containing both personal and medical data for clinical studies, which leads to expensive data acquisition phases and limited samples. This paper presents the MEDSEC system for the recognition and pseudonymization of personal data in paper-based health records. MEDSEC integrates unique methods for (i) automatically identifying personal and medical data, (ii) automatically annotating the optical character recognition (OCR) output data of paper-based health records with standard-compliant metadata, and (iii) automatically pseudonymizing the personal data. With MEDSEC, health care organizations profit by (i) strengthening clinical research resulting in faster and more reliable results and reduced costs, and (ii) providing an environment of trust for its patients and employees that guarantees privacy.

Test Paper Management System has been developed with Java and SQL Server 2000. The system contains Curriculum management module, test questions management module, test paper management module, examination management module, and data maintenance module.

This paper presents paper retrieval using the specific paper features chain and laid lines. Paper features are detected in digitized paper images and they are represented such that they could be used for retrieval. Optimal retrieval performance is achieved by means of a trainable similarity measure for a given set of paper features. By means of these methods a retrieval system is developed that art experts could use real-time in order to speed up their paper research.

We report on advances in deep linguistic parsing of the full textual content of 8200 papers from the ACL Anthology, a collection of electronically available scientific papers in the fields of Computational Linguistics and Language Technology. We describe how - by incorporating new techniques - we increase both speed and robustness of deep analysis, specifically on long sentences where deep parsing often failed in former approaches. With the current open source HPSG (Head-driven phrase structure grammar) for English (ERG), we obtain deep parses for more than 85% of the sentences in the 1.5 million sentences corpus, while the former approaches achieved only approx. 65% coverage. The resulting sentence-wise semantic representations are used in the Scientist's Workbench, a platform demonstrating the use and benefit of natural language processing (NLP) to support scientists or other knowledge workers in fast and better access to digital document content. With the generated NLP annotations, we are able to implement important, novel applications such as robust semantic search, citation classification, and (in the future) question answering and definition exploration.

This paper presents COMPENDIUM, a text summarization system, which has achieved good results in extractive summarization. Therefore, our main goal in this research is to extend it, suggesting a new approach for generating abstractive-oriented summaries of research papers. We conduct a preliminary analysis where we compare the extractive version of COMPENDIUM (COMPENDIUME) with the new abstractiveoriented approach (COMPENDIUME-A). The final summaries are evaluated according to three criteria (content, topic, and user satisfaction) and, from the results obtained, we can conclude that the use of COMPENDIUM is appropriate for producing summaries of research papers automatically, going beyond the simple selection of sentences.

In this paper, we report recent work of the data-embedding pen, which adds an ink-dot sequence along a hand written pattern during writing. The ink-dot sequence represents some information, such as writer's name, date of writing, and URL. This information drastically increases the value of hand writing on a paper. The embedded information can be extracted from the hand written pattern by image processing techniques and a stroke recovery technique. Consequently, we can augment the hand written pattern by the data-embedding pen to carry arbitrary information.

IPv6 is being deployed but many Internet Service Providers have not implemented its support yet. Most of the end users have IPv6 ready computers but their network doesn’t support native IPv6 connection so they are forced to use transition mechanisms to transport IPv6 packets through IPv4 network. We do not know, what kind of traffic is inside of these tunnels, which services are used and if the traffic does not bypass security policy. This paper proposes an approach, how to monitor IPv6 tunnels even on high-speed networks. The proposed approach allows to monitor traffic on 10, Gbps links, because it supports hardware-accelerated packet distribution on multi-core processors. A system based on the proposed approach is deployed at the CESNET2 network, which is the largest academic network in the Czech Republic. This paper also presents several statistics about tunneled traffic on the CESNET2 backbone links.

Online Test Paper Generation (Online-TPG) is a promising approach for Web-based testing and intelligent tutoring. It generates a test paper automatically online according to user specification based on multiple assessment criteria, and the generated test paper can then be attempted over the Web by user for self-assessment. Online-TPG is challenging as it is a multi-objective optimization problem on constraint satisfaction that is NP-hard, and it is also required to satisfy the online runtime requirement. The current techniques such as dynamic programming, tabu search, swarm intelligence and biologically inspired algorithms are ineffective for Online-TPG as these techniques generally require long runtime for generating good quality test papers. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach, called DAC-TS, which is based on the principle of constraint-based divide-and-conquer (DAC) and tabu search (TS) for constraint decomposition and multi-objective optimization for Online-TPG. Our empirical performance results have shown that the proposed DAC-TS approach has outperformed other techniques in terms of runtime and paper quality.

Paper documents are still an integral component of our everyday working lives, and are likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. Fortunately, advances in electronic technology in recent years have made it possible to develop digital systems that better integrate paper and digital document management. However, as far as we are aware, none of these integrated document management systems have been evaluated to demonstrate whether the users would indeed find them valuable for managing paper documents. In this paper we present a user study of one such system, called SOPHYA, that provides a means of linking the management of real world document artefacts (e.g., folders) with their electronic counterparts, so that document management activities such as locating, retrieving, and filing documents can be better supported, especially for large collections. The study is in the form of a laboratory-based evaluation, in which participants with experience in document management used the system to perform several tasks, such as locating and retrieving folders, and provided feedback based on their own experience. The results of this study show that users are able to apply software functionality they use for storage and retrieval of electronic documents to effectively manage paper documents as well. Our study has also identified a range of other potential benefits that the users envisage for such a technology in their diverse work environments.

It has long been recognised by researchers that the affordances of paper are likely to ensure that it will continue to be in widespread use in the work place, homes and public spaces. Consequently, numerous research projects have investigated ways of integrating paper with digital media and services. In recent years, a lot of this research has revolved around the digital pen and paper technology developed by the Swedish company Anoto, since it offers a robust solution for tracking the position of a pen on paper. While the commercial sector has tended to focus on applications related to the capture of handwriting, many of these research projects have investigated the use of the pen for real-time interaction and possibilities of turning paper into an interactive medium. Researchers were also quick to realise that digital pen and paper technology could be adapted to support other forms of pen-based interaction and have developed digital whiteboards and tabletops based on the technology. In addition, some systems have combined the technology with touch devices to support bimanual pen and touch interfaces. In the case of document manipulation, this means that touch could be used to perform actions such as a moving a document or turning pages, while the pen could be used to select elements within a document or to annotate it. Further, there are projects which have integrated the work on interactive paper and pen-based interaction on digital tabletops, investigating ways of allowing users to transfer document elements back and forth between paper and digital surfaces. Despite the success of these research projects in terms of demonstrating the capabilities of digital pen and paper technology and how it could be exploited to support a wide variety of everyday tasks, there are still some technical and non-technical issues that need to addressed if there are to be major breakthroughs in terms of widespread adoption. The first part of the talk will review research in the field, while the second part will examine these issues and the way ahead.

Executable scientific papers contain not just layouted text for reading. They contain, or link to, machine-comprehensible representations of the scientific findings or experiments they describe. Client-side players can thus enable readers to "check, manipulate and explore the result space" [1]. We have realized executable papers in the STEM domain with the Planetary system. Semantic annotations associate the papers with a content commons holding the background ontology, the annotations are exposed as Linked Data, and a frontend player application hooks modular interactive services into the semantic annotations.

This paper is concerned with data mining techniques for identifying the main parameters of the printing press, the printing process and paper affecting the occurrence of paper web breaks in a pressroom. Two approaches are explored. The first one treats the problem as a task of data classification into "break " and "non break " classes. The procedures of classifier design and selection of relevant input variables are integrated into one process based on genetic search. The search process results in a set of input variables providing the lowest average loss incurred in taking decisions. The second approach, also based on genetic search, combines procedures of input variable selection and data mapping into a low dimensional space. The tests have shown that the web tension parameters are amongst the most important ones. It was also found that, provided the basic off-line paper parameters are in an acceptable range, the paper related parameters recorded online contain more information for predicting the occurrence of web breaks than the off-line ones. Using the selected set of parameters, on average, 93.7% of the test set data were classified correctly. The average classification accuracy of the break cases was equal to 76.7%.

This chapter features eight awarded papers, selected form JSAI2008 --- the 22nd annual conference of Japanese Society of Artificial Intelligence. The conference was held in Asahikawa, Hokkaido from June 11 until June 13, 2008. More than 400 papers were presented in about 80 sessions and 645 people participated in the conference. These awarded papers are truly excellent, as they were chosen out of 400 papers, with the selection rate just about two per cent. Also, the selection involved more than 240 people in total (session chairs, commentators, and program committee members) and rigorous reviews/discussions.

Efficient and effective communication between mobile units and the central emergency operation center is a key factor to respond successfully to the challenges of emergency management. Nowadays, the only ubiquitously available modality is a voice channel through mobile phones or radio transceivers. This makes it often very difficult to convey exact geographic locations and can lead to misconceptions with severe consequences, such as a fire brigade heading to the right street address in the wrong city. In this paper we describe a handheld augmented reality approach to support the communication of spatial information in a crisis response scenario. The approach combines mobile camera devices with paper maps to ensure a quick and reliable exchange of spatial information.

This paper describes a novel approach to classify network traffic into encrypted and unencrypted traffic. The classifier is able to operate in real-time as only the first packet of each flow is processed. The main metric used for classification is an estimation of the entropy of the first packet payload. The approach is evaluated based on encrypted ground truth traces and on real network traces. Encrypted traffic such as Skype, or encrypted eDonkey traffic are detected as encrypted with probability higher than 94%. Unencrypted protocols such as SMTP, HTTP, POP3 or FTP are detected as unencrypted with probability higher than 99.9%. The presented approach, named real-time encrypted traffic detector (RT-ETD), is well suited to operate as pre-filter for advanced classification approaches to enable their applicability on increased bandwidth.