1. Clinical significance of cerebral microbleeds in patients with germinoma who underwent long-term follow-up.
- Author
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Kanamori M, Mugikura S, Iizuka O, Mori N, Shimoda Y, Shibahara I, Umezawa R, Jingu K, Saito R, Sonoda Y, Kumabe T, Suzuki K, and Endo H
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Adult, Adolescent, Young Adult, Child, Brain Neoplasms complications, Brain Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Atrophy pathology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain pathology, Middle Aged, Intelligence, Risk Factors, Neuropsychological Tests, Clinical Relevance, Germinoma complications, Germinoma pathology, Germinoma diagnostic imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cerebral Hemorrhage diagnostic imaging, Cerebral Hemorrhage pathology, Cerebral Hemorrhage etiology
- Abstract
Purpose: This study identified the factors affecting cerebral microbleed (CMBs) development. Moreover, their effects on intelligence and memory and association with stroke in patients with germinoma who had long-term follow-up were evaluated., Methods: This study included 64 patients with germinoma who were histologically and clinically diagnosed with and treated for germinoma. These patients were evaluated cross-sectionally, with a focus on CMBs on susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SWI), brain atrophy assessed through volumetric analysis, and intelligence and memory., Results: The follow-up period was from 32 to 412 (median: 175.5) months. In total, 43 (67%) patients had 509 CMBs and 21 did not have CMBs. Moderate correlations were observed between the number of CMBs and time from initial treatments and recurrence was found to be a risk factor for CMB development. Increased temporal CMBs had a marginal effect on the processing speed and visual memory, whereas brain atrophy had a statistically significant effect on verbal, visual, and general memory and a marginal effect on processing speed. Before SWI acquisition and during the follow-up periods, eight strokes occurred in four patients. All of these patients had ≥ 15 CMBs on SWI before stroke onset. Meanwhile, 33 patients with < 14 CMBs or 21 patients without CMBs did not experience stroke., Conclusion: Patients with a longer time from treatment initiation had a higher number of CMBs, and recurrence was a significant risk factor for CMB development. Furthermore, brain atrophy had a stronger effect on memory than CMBs. Increased CMBs predict the stroke onset., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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