Search

The myostatin (MSTN) gene is a candidate to influence extreme longevity owing to its role in modulating muscle mass and sarcopenia and especially in inhibiting the main nutrient-sensing pathway involved in longevity, i.e. mammalian target of rapamycin. We compared allele/genotype distributions of the exonic MSTN variants K153R (rs1805086), E164K (rs35781413), I225T and P198A, in Spanish centenarians (cases, n = 156; 132 women, age range 100-111 years) and younger adults (controls, n = 384; 167 women, age <50 years). No subject of either group carried a mutant allele of the E164K, I225T or P198A variation. The frequency of the variant R allele was significantly higher in centenarians (7.1%) than in controls (2.7%) (P = 0.001). The odds ratio of being a centenarian if the subject had the R allele was 3.48 (95% confidence interval 1.67-7.28, P = 0.001), compared to the control group, after adjusting for sex. The results were replicated in an Italian cohort (centenarians, n = 79 (40 women), age range 100-104 years; younger controls, n = 316 (155 women), age <50 years), where a higher frequency of the R allele in centenarians (7.6%) compared to controls (3.0%) (P = 0.004) was independently confirmed. Although more research is needed, the variant allele of the MSTN K153R polymorphism could be among the genetic contributors associated with exceptional longevity.

Mitochondrial haplogroups could influence individual susceptibility to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, and human longevity, as indicated by previous studies with Caucasian (European) or Asian cohorts. Here, we compared the frequency of mtDNA haplogroups in a group of Spanish (Caucasian) centenarians (n = 65, aged 100-108 years, 58 women, most from the central part of Spain) and a group of healthy young adults (n = 138, 62 women, aged 20-40 years) of the same ethnic origin. We did not find significant differences between centenarians and the control group (P > 0.2). Only two centenarians (both women) had the haplogroup J, which hampered comparison with the control group (n = 15, five women). Our data confirm that the potential effects of mitochondrial haplogroups on human longevity might be population/geographic specific, with important differences between studies (notably, with regard to the previously reported potential benefit brought about by the haplogroup J) arising from the different living environment and ethnic background of the study cohorts.