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International audience; In the Internet, Autonomous Systems continuously exchange routing information via the BGP protocol: the large number of networks involved and the verbosity of BGP result in a huge stream of updates. Making sense of all those messages remains a challenge today. In this paper, we leverage the notion of "primary path" (i.e., the most used inter-domain path of a BGP router toward a destination prefix for a given time period), reinterpreting updates by grouping them in terms of primary paths unavailability periods, and illustrate how BGP dynamics analysis would benefit from working with primary paths. Our contributions are as follows. First, through measurements, we validate the existence of primary paths: by analyzing BGP updates announced at the LINX RIS route collector spanning a three months period, we show that primary paths are consistently in use during the observation period. Second, we quantify the benefits of primary paths for BGP dynamics analysis on two use cases : Internet tomography and anomaly detection. For the latter, using three months of anomalous BGP events documented by BGPmon as reference, we show that primary paths could be used for detecting such events (hijacks and outages), testifying of the increased semantic they provide.

International audience; This work focuses on the evaluation of Web quality of experience as perceived by actual users and in particular on the impactof HTTP/1 vs HTTP/2. We adopt an experimental methodology that uses real web pages served through a realistic testbed where we control network, protocol, and application configuration. Users are asked to browse such pages and provide their subjective feedback, which we leverage to obtain the Mean Opinion Score (MOS), while the testbed records objective metrics.The collected dataset comprises over 4,000 grades that we explore to tackle the question whether HTTP/2 improves users experience, to whatextent, and in which conditions. Findings show that users report marginal differences, with 22\%, 52\%, 26\% of HTTP/2 MOS being better, identical, or worse than HTTP/1, respectively. Even in scenarios that favor HTTP/2, results are not as sharp as expected. This is in contrast with objective metrics, which instead record a positive impact with HTTP/2 usage. This shows the complexity of understanding the web experience and the need to involve actual users in the quality assessment process.