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The gut microbiome, body weight, and related comorbidities are intricately linked through a complex interaction of microbial, genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Alterations in gut microbiota can contribute to the development of weight disorders and depressive symptoms, with the potential for these relationships to be bidirectional. Effective management of these interconnected conditions often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and psychological support. Medical interventions, including treatments for obesity, antidiabetic drugs, antidepressants, antibiotics, and probiotics, can have beneficial and detrimental effects on gut microbiota and mental health. Further research is needed to better understand their impact on gut microbiome and mental health in the context of obesity., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The viral epidemics and pandemics have stimulated the development of known and the discovery of novel antiviral agents. About a hundred mono- and combination antiviral drugs have been already approved, whereas thousands are in development. Here, we briefly reviewed 7 classes of antiviral agents: neutralizing antibodies, neutralizing recombinant soluble human receptors, antiviral CRISPR/Cas systems, interferons, antiviral peptides, antiviral nucleic acid polymers, and antiviral small molecules. Interferons and some small molecules alone or in combinations possess broad-spectrum antiviral activity, which could be beneficial for treatment of emerging and re-emerging viral infections., (© 2022. The Author(s).)