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The starting point of this paper are the discussions of the robustness of empirical findings in related disciplines, namely social psychology, which culminated in the so-called "replication crisis". These discussions about replication and "questionable research practices" have only started to reach the educational sciences. At the same time, parts of the educational sciences are prone to the same problems as related disciplines. Therefore, it may only be a matter of time before these controversies also arise in the educational sciences. Against this backdrop, we argue how Open Science can contribute to increasing the robustness of educational sciences' findings. In particular, we suggest three Open Science practices: Pre-registration, Open Materials and Open Data. We present these practices and examine how researchers can implement these Open Science practices in the educational sciences. We discuss the specific conditions of the educational sciences in comparison to related disciplines and address the limitations and particularities of the educational sciences. We conclude with a plea for transparency., (© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2021.)

In the summer semester 2019/20 it was degreed that universities switch to purely online learning due to COVID-19/SARS-CoV‑2. This switch offered the unique opportunity to study online learning in teacher education. The aim of the present study was to give recommendations for online learning in teacher education. To this end, we identified aspects of online learning that students experienced beneficial/impeding (study 1) and analyzed their relation to the positive/negative experience of students and their goal orientation (study 2). In study 1 ( n  = 75), we asked students for aspects of online learning that they experienced as beneficially/impeding for their perceived learning gain (open data & materials: https://osf.io/7knhj/). The study was pre-registered before data collection (https://osf.io/438p6/). We identified 39 aspects by means of qualitative content analysis. In study 2 ( n  = 855), these aspects were rated for positive & motivating or negative & demotivating courses and related to the situational goal achievement (SELLMO) of the teacher education students (open data & materials: https://osf.io/87v5y/). The study was pre-registered before data collection (https://osf.io/rj5f9/). Analyses with BEST showed seven aspects with very large differences (| d | > 3), 18 with large differences (3 > | d | > 0.8), seven with medium/small differences (0.8 > | d | > 0.2), and seven without differences (2 > | d |) between positive & motivating or negative & demotivating courses. Multigroup path analyses identified 13 aspects that were related to goal orientation. Our results contribute to the understanding of online learning in teacher education. They highlight that online learning can be optimized and steered depending on the objective-positive experience, goal orientation, or both., (© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2020.)

The chemical composition and functional significance of pheromones of solitary Hymenoptera is much less well known compared to social species. Males of the genus Philanthus (Sphecidae) are territorial and scent mark their territories to attract females. Because of inconsistent results of earlier studies, we reanalyzed the content of the cephalic glands of male European beewolves, Philanthus triangulum F. Besides a variety of alkanes and alkenes, four major compounds were found. Two of these, (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol and (Z)-10-nonadecen-2-one, had been previously described as constituents of the cephalic glands. We identified 1-octadecanol as a new component of the cephalic gland, and a fourth compound, enantiopure (S)-2,3-dihydrofamesoic acid, was identified for the first time in nature. Structural elucidation and enantiomeric analysis were performed by HRGC-MS and HRGC-FTIR as well as enantioselective gas chromatography and by means of authentic reference compounds. Occurrence and function of the four compounds in insect chemistry are discussed.