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Particle Accelerator Physics is designed to serve as an introduction to the field of high-energy particle accelerator physics and particle-beam dynamics. It covers the dynamics of relativistic particle beams, basics of particle guidance and focusing, lattice design, characteristics of beam transport systems and circular accelerators. Particle-beam optics is treated in the linear approximation including sextupoles to correct for chromatic aberrations. Perturbations to linear beam dynamics are analyzed in detail and correction measures are discussed. Basic lattice design features and building blocks leading to the design of more complicated beam transport systems and circular accelerators are studied. Characteristics of synchrotron radiation and quantum effects due to the statistical emission of photons on particle trajectories are derived and applied to determine particle-beam parameters. The discussions specifically concentrate on relativistic particle beams and the physics of beam optics in beam transport systems and circular accelerators such as synchrotrons and storage rings. This book is aimed at students and scientists who are interested in an introduction to particle-beam optics and accelerator physics. It provides a general understanding of particle-beam physics and forms a broad basis for further, more detailed studies of nonlinear beam dynamics and associated accelerator physics problems to be discussed in a subsequent volume.

This two-volume book serves as a thorough introduction to the field of high-energy particle accelerator physics and beam dynamics. Volume 1 provides a general understanding of the field and a firm basis for the study of the more elaborate topic, mainly nonlinear and higher-order beam dynamics, which is the subject of Volume 2.

In this book the characteristics of synchrotron radiation, including insertion device radiation, are described and derived from first principles. The reader is first introduced to the subject in an intuitive way in order to gain familiarity with the underlying physical processes. A rigorous mathematical derivation of the theory then follows. Since the characteristics of synchrotron radiation are intimately connected with the parameters of the electron beam and its accelerator, a basic introduction to electron beam dynamics and accelerator design is included. The book is aimed at graduate students and scientists working with synchrotron radiation and is designed to serve both as a textbook and as a reference work. It includes numerous exercises, some with solutions.

This text is a continuation of the first volume of'Particle Accelerator Physics'on'Basic Principles and Linear Beam Dynamics'. While the first volume was written as an introductory overview into beam dynamics, it does not include more detailled discussion of nonlinear and higher-order beam dynamics or the full theory of synchrotron radiation from relativistic electron beams. Both issues are, however, of fundamental importance for the design of modern particle accelerators. In this volume, beam dynamics is formulated within the realm of Hamil­ tonian dynamics, leading to the description of multiparticle beam dynamics with the Vlasov equation and including statistical processes with the Fokker Planck equation. Higher-order perturbations and aberrations are discussed in detail, including Hamiltonian resonance theory and higher-order beam dynamics. The discussion of linear beam dynamics in Vol. I is completed here with the derivation of the general equation of motion, including kine­ matic terms and coupled motion. To build on the theory of longitudinal motion in Vol. I, the interaction of a particle beam with the rf system, in­ cluding beam loading, higher-order phase focusing, and the combination of acceleration and transverse focusing, is discussed. The emission of syn­ chrotron radiation greatly affects the beam quality of electron or positron beams and we therefore derive the detailled theory of synchrotron radiation, including spatial and spectral distribution as well as properties of polariza­ tion.

In this second edition of Particle Accelerator Physics, Vol. 1, is mainly a reprint of the first edition without significant changes in content. The bibliography has been updated to include more recent progress in the field of particle accelerators. With the help of many observant readers a number of misprints and errors could be eliminated. The author would like to express his sincere appreciation to all those who have pointed out such shortcomings and wel­ comes such information and any other relevant information in the future. The author would also like to express his special thanks to the editor Dr. Helmut Lotsch and his staff for editorial as well as technical advice and support which contributed greatly to the broad acceptance of this text and made a second edition of both volumes necessary. Palo Alto, California Helmut Wiedemann November 1998 VII Preface to the First Edition The purpose of this textbook is to provide a comprehensive introduction into the physics of particle accelerators and particle beam dynamics. Parti­ cle accelerators have become important research tools in high energy physics as well as sources of incoherent and coherent radiation from the far infra red to hard x-rays for basic and applied research. During years of teaching accelerator physics it became clear that the single most annoying obstacle to get introduced into the field is the absence of a suitable textbook.

A comprehensive survey of recent theoretical and experimental progress in the area of electron-photon interaction and dense media. A state-of-the-art discussion of radiation production, with descriptions of new ideas and technologies that enhance the production of X-rays in the form of channelling, transition and parametric X-ray production. Progress in electron beam physics to produce sub-picosecond electron bunches from low-energy linear accelerators make it possible to produce coherent, high brightness, submillimeter radiation and sub-picosecond X-ray pulses. Micro-undulators in the form of bent crystalline structures hold great promise as future X-ray sources.

Particle Accelerator Physics is an in-depth and comprehensive introduction to the field of high-energy particle acceleration and beam dynamics. Part I gathers the basic tools, recalling the essentials of electrostatics and electrodynamics as well as of particle dynamics in electromagnetic fields. Part II is an extensive primer in beam dynamics, followed in Part III by the introduction and description of the main beam parameters. Part IV is devoted to the treatment of perturbations in beam dynamics. Part V discusses the details of charged particle acceleration. Part VI and Part VII introduce the more advanced topics of coupled beam dynamics and the description of very intense beams. Part VIII is an exhaustive treatment of radiation from accelerated charges and introduces important sources of coherent radiation such as synchrotrons and free-electron lasers. Part IX collects the appendices gathering useful mathematical and physical formulae, parameters and units. Solutions to many end-of-chapter problems are given. This textbook is suitable for an intensive two-semester course starting at the advanced undergraduate level.

A NATO Advanced Research Workshop on “Brilliant Light Facilities and Research in Life and Material Sciences” was held from July 17 to July 21, 2006. The workshop was hosted by the Center for the Advancement of Natural Discoveries using Light Emission, Yerevan - the newly established institute in Armenia with the aim to create a synchrotron radiation facility, CANDLE, as an international laboratory for advanced research in life and material sciences. About 50 researchers from NATO, partner countries and Armenia gathered at Yerevan to discuss modern trends in developments of advanced light sources with high spectral brilliance and applications in basic and applied research in a wide range of fields. Research with high brilliant photon beams are used, for example for practical applications in pharmacy, electronics and nanotechnology. Such practical relevance promoted the design and construction of now more than 50 such facilities worldwide. Overview and specialized talks on the status and highlights of newly constructed light sources (ALBA, SPEAR3, European XFEL Facility, Siberian Synchrotron Radiation Center, CANDLE), on instrumentation and development of experimental techniques, and frontier research in life and material sciences using synchrotron radiation have been presented. More than 60% of the program was devoted to application of synchrotron radiation in biophysics, biochemistry, biomedicine, material and environmental investigations. The workshop brought together scientists from a wide spectrum of research fields emphasizing the wide application and demand of synchrotron radiation and underlining the necessity of user involvement in the early design stages of a new project.

A NATO Advanced Research Workshop on ”Advanced Radiation Sources and Applications” was held from August 29 to September 2, 2004. Hosted by the Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia, 30 invited researchers from former Soviet Union and NATO countries gathered at Nor-Hamberd, Yerevan, on the slopes of Mount Aragats to discuss recent theoretical as well as expe- mental developments on means of producing photons from mostly low energy electrons. Thismeetingbecamepossiblethroughthegenerousfundingprovidedbythe NATO Science Committee and the programme director Dr. Fausto Pedrazzini in the NATO Scienti?c and Environmental Affairs Division. The workshop - rectors were Robert Avakian, Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia and Helmut Wiedemann, Stanford (USA). Robert Avakian provided staff, logistics and - frastructure from the Yerevan Physics institute to assure a smooth execution of the workshop. Special thanks goes to Mrs. Ivetta Keropyan for admin- trative and logistics support to foreign visitors. The workshop was held at the institute's resort in Nor-Hamberd on the slopes of Mount Aragats not far from the Yerevan cosmic ray station. The isolation and peaceful setting of the resort provided the background for a fruitful week of presentations and discussions. Following our invitations, 38 researchers in this?eld came to the workshop from Armenia, Belarus, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Denmark, France, G- many and the USA. Commuting from Yerevan local scientists joined the daily presentations. Over a?ve day period 40 presentations were given.