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Hyperglycemia significantly contributes to complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. While lifestyle interventions remain cornerstones of disease prevention and treatment, most patients with type 2 diabetes will eventually require pharmacotherapy for glycemic control. The definition of individual targets regarding optimal therapeutic efficacy and safety as well as cardiovascular effects is of great importance. In this guideline we present the most current evidence-based best clinical practice data for healthcare professionals., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Hyper- and dyslipidemia contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Pharmacological therapy to lower LDL cholesterol has convincingly shown to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. The present article represents the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association for the use of lipid-lowering drugs in diabetic patients according to current scientific evidence., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Elevated blood pressure remains a major cause of cardiovascular disease, disability, and premature death in Austria, with suboptimal rates of detection, treatment and control also in recent years. Management of hypertension is a common challenge for physicians with different spezializations. In an attempt to standardize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and, ultimately, to increase the rate of patients with controlled blood pressure and to decrease the burden of cardiovascular disease, 13 Austrian medical societies reviewed the evidence regarding prevention, detection, workup, treatment and consequences of high blood pressure in general and in various clinical scenarios. The result is presented as the first national consensus on blood pressure. The authors and societies involved are convinced that a joint national effort is needed to decrease hypertension-related morbidity and mortality in our country.

In critical illness hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality. Based on the currently available evidence, an intravenous insulin therapy should be initiated when blood glucose is above 180 mg/dl. After initiation of insulin therapy blood glucose should be maintained between 140 and 180 mg/dl.

Hyper- and dyslipidemia contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Pharmacological therapy to lower LDL cholesterol has convincingly shown to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. The present article represents the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association for the use of lipid-lowering drugs in diabetic patients according to current scientific evidence.

The present article is a recommendation of the Austrian Diabetes Association for the practical use of insulin in type 2 diabetes, including the various insulin regimens.

Hyperglycemia significantly contributes to micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. While lifestyle interventions remain cornerstones of disease prevention and treatment, most patients with type 2 diabetes will eventually require pharmacotherapy for glycemic control. The definition of individual targets regarding optimal therapeutic efficacy and safety is of great importance. In this guideline we present the most current evidence-based best clinical practice data for healthcare professionals.

In 2010, eight Austrian medical societies proposed a joint position statement on the management of metabolic lipid disorders for the prevention of vascular complications. An updated and extended version of these recommendations according to the current literature is presented, referring to the primary and secondary prevention of vascular complications in adults, taking into consideration the guidelines of other societies. The "Austrian Lipid Consensus - 2016 update" provides guidance for individualized risk stratification and respective therapeutic targets, and discusses the evidence for reducing vascular endpoints with available lipid-lowering therapies. Furthermore, specific management in key patient groups is outlined, including subjects presenting with coronary, cerebrovascular, and/or peripheral atherosclerosis; diabetes mellitus and/or metabolic syndrome; nephropathy; and familial hypercholesterolemia.

In critical illness hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality. Based on the currently available evidence, an intravenous insulin therapy should be initiated when blood glucose is above 180 mg/dl. After initiation of insulin therapy blood glucose should be maintained between 140 and 180 mg/dl.

Hyper- and dyslipidemia contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Pharmacological therapy to lower LDL cholesterol has convincingly shown to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. The present article represents the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association for the use of lipid-lowering drugs in diabetic patients according to current scientific evidence.

After the publication of the new guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Atherosclerosis Society for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemias (Eur Heart J 32:1769-1818, 2011; Eur Heart J 33:1635-1701, 2012), a group of authors has recently published on behalf of the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology guidelines on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk (Circulation 2013). These new guidelines are supposed to replace the until now widely accepted, at least in the USA, recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III from the years 2002 (Circulation 106:3143-3421, 2002) and 2004 (Circulation 110:227-39, 2004). Furthermore, they claim to be based mainly on hard evidence derived from the interpretation of results of prospective randomized controlled trials. This Joint Position Statement of the Society for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases e.V. (D.A.CH), the Austrian Atherosclerosis Society and the Working Group on Lipids and Atherosclerosis (AGLA) of the Swiss Society of Cardiology concludes that the use of individualized prevention strategies based on specific indications and LDL cholesterol target concentrations, a strategy whose worth has been widely proven and accepted for more than a decade in Europe, should not be given up.

Hyperglycemia frequently occurs in critically ill patients resulting in major complications like an increased cardiovascular event rate or an increased incidence of infections. Based on the currently available evidence insulin therapy should be initiated in patients with blood glucose levels above 180 mg/dl. Blood glucose values should be maintained between 180 and 140 mg/dl. In surgical patients lower target values ranging from 140 to 110 mg/dl should be applied. After transition to the general ward a complete workup of diabetes mellitus should be performed.

Background: A hospital-based screening project (HSP) in Austria found 47% of high-risk patients (LDL-C < 100 mg/dl) and 24% of very high-risk patients (LDL-C < 70 mg/dl) at goal. Separate data for the sexes were not reported. We analyze whether LDL-C goal attainment in patients with manifest atherosclerosis and/or diabetes on stable lipid-lowering treatment differs between private practice and hospital and between men and women., Patients and Methods: From September to November 2007, 49 Austrian centers (36 private practice, 13 hospitals) documented vascular morbidity, lipid levels, and lipid lowering treatment in patients with high risk (atherosclerosis or diabetes, n = 978) and very high risk (coronary heart disease and diabetes or acute coronary syndrome, n = 322)., Results: 75% and 25% of the 1300 patients were high and very high risk, respectively. LDL-C goals of < 100 and < 70 mg/dl, respectively, were attained by 45.4% and 26.4% of patients (p < 0.001). A similar percentage of patients with very high risk was found in men and women (26.4% vs. 22.9%, NS) and goal attainment was not influenced by sex (high risk: 47.2% (m) vs. 43.8% (w), NS and very high risk: 29.1% (m) vs. 22.4% (w), NS). In patients with high risk, 41.6% treated in private practice vs. 57.9% treated in the hospital were at goal (p < 0.001). In patients with very high risk, 15.9% treated in private practice vs. 45.2% treated in the hospital were at goal (p < 0.001). Lower goal-attainment in private practice occurred despite significantly more intensive lipid intervention and probably reflects higher baseline LDL-C. LDL-C > 100 mg/dl leads to a more aggressive lipid lowering in approx. 70% of patients, irrespective of whether they are treated in private practice or in the hospital. LDL-C between 70 and 100 mg/dl, however, leads to a more aggressive lipid lowering in < 5% of patients, irrespective of whether they are high or very high risk., Conclusion: As observed in EUROASPIRE III for other European countries, there is substantial potential for improvement in lipid control in Austrian cardiovascular high-risk patients, irrespective of whether they are treated in private practice or in the hospital.