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Genetically engineered cyanobacterial strains that have improved growth rate, biomass productivity, and metabolite productivity could be a better option for sustainable bio-metabolite production. The global demand for biobased metabolites with nutraceuticals and health benefits has increased due to their safety and plausible therapeutic and nutritional utility. Cyanobacteria are solar-powered green cellular factories that can be genetically tuned to produce metabolites with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical benefits. The present review discusses biotechnological endeavors for producing bioprospective compounds from genetically engineered cyanobacteria and discusses the challenges and troubleshooting faced during metabolite production. This review explores the cyanobacterial versatility, the use of engineered strains, and the techno-economic challenges associated with scaling up metabolite production from cyanobacteria. Challenges to produce cyanobacterial bioactive compounds with remarkable nutraceutical values have been discussed. Additionally, this review also summarises the challenges and future prospects of metabolite production from genetically engineered cyanobacteria as a sustainable approach., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Sentiment Analysis (SA) of text reviews is an emerging concern in Natural Language Processing (NLP). It is a broadly active method for analyzing and extracting opinions from text using individual or ensemble learning techniques. This field has unquestionable potential in the digital world and social media platforms. Therefore, we present a systematic survey that organizes and describes the current scenario of the SA and provides a structured overview of proposed approaches from traditional to advance. This work also discusses the SA-related challenges, feature engineering techniques, benchmark datasets, popular publication platforms, and best algorithms to advance the automatic SA. Furthermore, a comparative study has been conducted to assess the performance of bagging and boosting-based ensemble techniques for social network SA. Bagging and Boosting are two major approaches of ensemble learning that contain various ensemble algorithms to classify sentiment polarity. Recent studies recommend that ensemble learning techniques have the potential of applicability for sentiment classification. This analytical study examines the bagging and boosting-based ensemble techniques on four benchmark datasets to provide extensive knowledge regarding ensemble techniques for SA. The efficiency and accuracy of these techniques have been measured in terms of TPR, FPR, Weighted F-Score, Weighted Precision, Weighted Recall, Accuracy, ROC-AUC curve, and Run-Time. Moreover, comparative results reveal that bagging-based ensemble techniques outperformed boosting-based techniques for text classification. This extensive review aims to present benchmark information regarding social network SA that will be helpful for future research in this field., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

A rough rectangular channel of solar-based air heater (SBAH) is made and tested. The work consists of an effort to perceive the proportion of heat discharge and frictional behavior of air passing over a roughened rectangular channel. The absorber surface of SBAH is roughed with discrete V-down rib and staggered element roughness having different values of relative rib pitch (P/e) that ranged from 6 to 14. Fixed parameters such as relative gap size (g/e), relative staggered element pitch (P'/P), numeral of gaps (N g ), relative staggered element size (r/g), and relative rib height (e/D) are considered 4, 0.4, 3,1, and 0.0433, respectively, all throughout the study. The flow Reynolds number (Re) changes from 4000 to 14,000; consequently the Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) reach up to 2.16 and 2.73 times, respectively, with respect to plane surface. The optimum rise in terms of thermal-hydraulic performance (THP) is gained analogous to a P/e of 10. The correlation for heat transfer function, R(e + ), and roughness function, G(e + ), is given to anticipate the performance of roughness., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The persistent endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A is posing serious health concerns; hence, it is known to be an emerging and potential water contaminant. The present investigation aims to synthesize novel cubical Ag(NP) decorated titanium dioxide-supported bentonite (Ag/TiO 2 @Clay) nanocomposite using a novel synthetic process. The nanocomposite materials were characterized by several analytical methods viz., transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Further, the photocatalytic removal of bisphenol A was conducted utilizing the thin film catalyst under the LED (light emitting diode; visible light) and UV-A (ultra violet-A) light sources. The parametric studies solution pH (6.0-12.0), pollutant concentrations (1.0-20.0 mg/L), and the interaction of several scavengers and co-existing ions are studied extensively to demonstrate the insights of the removal mechanism. The mineralization of bisphenol A and repeated use of the thin film catalyst showed the potential usage of photocatalysts in the devised large-scale operations. Similarly, the natural matrix treatment was performed to evaluate the suitability of the process for real implications., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

This review study presents the state-of-the-art machine and deep learning-based COVID-19 detection approaches utilizing the chest X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans. This study aims to systematically scrutinize as well as to discourse challenges and limitations of the existing state-of-the-art research published in this domain from March 2020 to August 2021. This study also presents a comparative analysis of the performance of four majorly used deep transfer learning (DTL) models like VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, and DenseNet over the COVID-19 local CT scans dataset and global chest X-ray dataset. A brief illustration of the majorly used chest X-ray and CT scan datasets of COVID-19 patients utilized in state-of-the-art COVID-19 detection approaches are also presented for future research. The research databases like IEEE Xplore, PubMed, and Web of Science are searched exhaustively for carrying out this survey. For the comparison analysis, four deep transfer learning models like VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, and DenseNet are initially fine-tuned and trained using the augmented local CT scans and global chest X-ray dataset in order to observe their performance. This review study summarizes major findings like AI technique employed, type of classification performed, used datasets, results in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, F1 score, etc., along with the limitations, and future work for COVID-19 detection in tabular manner for conciseness. The performance analysis of the four majorly used deep transfer learning models affirms that Visual Geometry Group 19 (VGG19) model delivered the best performance over both COVID-19 local CT scans dataset and global chest X-ray dataset., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Arthrocentesis is a simple minimally invasive procedure with less risk of complications and significant benefits in patients with internal derangement of temporomandibular joint. Here we report a study on four patients to evaluate the efficacy of arthrocentesis in the treatment of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint., (© Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2021.)

The two most generally diagnosed Neurodegenerative diseases are the Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. So this paper presents a fully automated early screening system based on the Capsule network for the classification of these two Neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that the Neurodegenerative diseases-Caps system based on the Capsule network architecture accurately performs the multiclass i.e. three class classification into either the Alzheimer class or Parkinson class or Healthy control and delivers better results in comparison other deep transfer learning models. The real motivation behind choosing the capsule network architecture is its more resilient nature towards the affine transformations as well as rotational & translational invariance, which commonly persists in the medical image datasets. Apart from this, the capsule networks overcomes the pooling layers related deficiencies from which conventional CNNs are mostly affected and unable to delivers accurate results especially in the tasks related to image classification. The various Computer aided systems based on machine learning for the classification of brain tumors and other types of cancers are already available. Whereas for the classification of Neurodegenerative diseases, the amount of research done is very limited and the number of persons suffering from this type of diseases are increasing especially in developing countries like India, China etc. So there is a need to develop an early screening system for the correct multiclass classification into Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Normal or Healthy control cases. The Alzheimer disease and Parkinson progression (ADPP) dataset is used in this research study for the training of the proposed Neurodegenerative diseases-Caps system. This ADPP dataset is developed with the aid of both the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) and Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) databases. There is no such early screening system exist yet, which can perform the accurate classification of these two Neurodegenerative diseases. For the sake of genuine comparison, other popular deep transfer learning models like VGG19, VGG16, ResNet50 and InceptionV3 are implemented and also trained over the same ADPP dataset. The proposed Neurodegenerative diseases-Caps system deliver accuracies of 97.81, 98, 96.81% for the Alzheimer, Parkinson and Healthy control or Normal cases with 70/30 (training/validation split) and performs way better as compare to the other popular Deep transfer learning models., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-022-09787-1., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022.)

The aim is to compare two commonly performed surgical techniques, lateral resection and crushing for Concha Bullosa (CB) as auxiliary management in patients who underwent septoplasty. In Patients diagnosed with DNS and CB, using endoscopy and Computerized Tomography, NOSE score was calculated. All patients underwent septoplasty and depending upon the surgical method followed for CB, patients allotted in two groups. In group A, crushing of middle turbinate was performed using Blakesley forceps and in group B, lateral resection of CB was done. Postoperative NOSE scores were calculated at 6 months and outcomes were compared. Both the surgical methods were highly effective in the management of CB. All patients had significant improvement in the NOSE score when compared with the preoperative values. Two patients in group B developed synechia between the turbinate and lateral wall. However, the superiority of  one method over the other could not be established statistically. CB is a common anomaly in anatomy of nose and paranasal sinus. It frequently coexists with DNS and may cause sinus problems if it is over-pneumatised. In such cases, surgical correction is warranted. Crushing of MT and lateral resection are two commonly performed methods, both are equally effective, but the crushing technique has an advantage of mucosal preservation and less postoperative complications., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interestNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2020.)

Nanocomposite Ag 0 (NPs)/TiO 2 is synthesised in a facile template method enabling nanoparticles of reduced Ag evenly distributed within the titania network. The morphological studies of nanocomposites were extensively performed employing SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy). Moreover, the bandgap energies of materials were obtained using the diffuse reflectance spectrometer (DRS). The newer insights in the photocatalytic elimination of Mordant Orange-1 (MO1) was obtained using the nanocomposite thin film for various parametric studies utilising the UV-A and LED illuminations. The kinetics of degradation of MO1 was performed, and the rate constant was favoured at lower concentrations of MO1. Moreover, the elimination efficiency of MO1 was favoured with a decrease in solution pH. The NPOC results inferred that a fairly good extent of MO1 was mineralised using a thin-film catalyst for both the UV-A and LED illuminations. The minimal effect of several co-ions demonstrated the applicability of thin films in the elimination of MO1, and the stability of the thin film has shown the potential applicability of thin-film catalysts. Further, the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation was demonstrated with the radical scavenger studies and ascertained the reaction pathways., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Nuclear receptors are a unique family of transcription factors that play cardinal roles in physiology and plethora of human diseases. The adopted orphan nuclear receptor Nr1d1 is a constitutive transcriptional repressor known to modulate several biological processes. In this study, we found that Nr1d1 plays a decisive role in T helper (Th)-cell polarization and transcriptionally impedes the formation of Th2 cells by directly binding to the promoter region of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) gene. Nr1d1 interacts with its cellular companion, the nuclear receptor corepressor and histone deacetylase 3 to form a stable repression complex on the GATA3 promoter. The presence of Nr1d1 also imparts protection against associated inflammatory responses in murine model of asthma and its ligand SR9011 eased disease severity by suppressing Th2 responses. Moreover, Chip-seq profiling uncovered Nr1d1 interactions with other gene subsets that impedes Th2-linked pathways and regulates metabolism, immunity and brain functions, therefore, providing empirical evidence regarding the genetic link between asthma and other comorbid conditions. Thus, Nr1d1 emerges as a molecular switch that could be targeted to subdue asthma., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Application of three-dimensional printing (3D) technology is relatively new in healthcare, but significant progress has been made over the last few decades. The technology has been evolved and became more accessible and affordable for the medical use. The aim of the review article is to discuss the potential use  of 3D printing in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery. In the article, use of this novel technology is discussed across various subspecialties in terms of skill training, surgical planning and development of customised prosthesis. Internet searching was also performed for the commercial utility of 3D printed devices in ENT patient care. 3D printing is a promising technology. Numerous articles have been published in the international literature on its potential use in healthcare and progress is being made regularly by researchers to expand its implications in ENT. However, shortage of suitable 3D material which simulate human tissues for developing better training models discloses area of further research. Integration of tissue engineering 3D bioprinting provides significant opportunity to develop functional 3D printed implant for postsurgical reconstruction and organ transplantation., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2021.)

Septoplasty is a common procedure in ENT practice with fewer complication rates. Long term follow-up is usually not necessary. The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility of virtual telephonic consultation to follow-up the patients in the immediate postoperative period. After excluding the patients based on the criteria, twenty-four patients were telephonically followed up by a resident using structured NOSE questionnaires and the responses were noted. All the patients had improvement in symptoms with 14 patients completely asymptomatic (NOSE score of < 5). Two patients had moderate symptoms (NOSE score 30-50) and 8 patients had mild symptoms (nose score 5-25). Majority of the patients interviewed were satisfied with the telephonic follow up and were willing to accept such patient-friendly services in the future. Virtual Telephonic follow-up of patient undergone uncomplicated septoplasty is a feasible, cost-effective model with a high rate of patient satisfaction., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interestNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2020.)

The present communication aims to obtain a novel Ce 3+ /TiO 2 thin film in a single step facile method using the in situ template process. The material was characterized by the XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscope), and AFM (atomic force microscope) analyses. The thin film catalyst was intended to introduce in the degradation of one of potential dye Alizarin Yellow from aqueous solutions using the UV-A radiations. The mechanisms of degradation along with the physicochemical parametric studies were conducted extensively. The mineralization of pollutant and the replicate use of catalysts further enhance the applicability of present communication. Additionally, the real matrix treatment was conducted to simulate the treatment process.

The present communication specifically aims to synthesize novel nanocomposite material Au NPs/TiO 2 in a simple template process using the polyethylene glycol as filler media. The thin film of the nanocomposite material was characterized by the advanced analytical tools. The surface morphology was obtained by the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of solids. Similarly, the surface topography and roughness of solid were obtained by the atomic force microscopic (AFM) image of thin film. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data enabled to confirm that the TiO 2 was predominantly present with its anatase phase. The specific surface area and pore size of the solid were obtained using the N 2 adsorption/desorption data. Nanocomposite Au NP/TiO 2 thin film was employed in the photocatalytic removal of sulfamethoxazole and triclosan from aqueous solutions using less harmful UV-A light (λ max  = 330 nm). Various physicochemical parametric studies enabled to deduce the mechanism involved in the degradation process. The degradation kinetics as a function of pH (pH 4.0-10.0) and micro-pollutant concentrations (0.5-15.0 mg/L) was extensively studied. The mineralization of these pollutants was obtained using the non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC) data. The stability of thin film was assessed by the repeated operations, and presence of several co-existing ions simulates the studies to real matrix treatment. Further, the presence of scavengers enabled to pin point the radical-induced degradation of sulfamethoxazole and triclosan from aqueous solutions.

Sericite, a mica-based natural clay was employed in the remediation of waters contaminated with two important heavy metal toxic ions, viz. Cd(II) and Mn(II), under batch and column experimentation. The batch reactor studies were intended to study various physicochemical parameters, viz. effect of sorptive pH, concentration, contact time, and background electrolyte concentrations which helped to deduce the mechanism involved at the solid/solution interface. The percent uptake of Cd(II) and Mn(II) was increased with increasing of the sorptive pH, and almost 100 % of these cations were removed at pH 10. Equilibrium-state sorption data was modeled and fitted well to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The kinetic data followed the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Increasing the background electrolyte concentrations by 100 times caused significant decrease of the uptake of Cd(II) and Mn(II) ions, which inferred that these metal cations were less adsorbed specifically and predominantly attached with relatively weak electrostatic attraction onto the solid surface. Additionally, the fixed-bed column reactor operations were also performed to assess the suitability of sericite in the attenuation of Cd(II) and Mn(II) from aqueous solutions under dynamic conditions. The breakthrough data obtained were successfully utilized to fit into a nonlinear fitting of Thomas equation. The results showed that the naturally and abundantly available sericite could be a potential natural material in the remediation of aquatic environment contaminated with Cd(II) and Mn(II).

The aim of this investigation was to obtain the hybrid material precursor to the naturally and abundantly available sericite, a mica-based clay; the materials were further employed in the remediation of arsenic from aqueous solutions. The study was intended to provide a cost-effective and environmentally benign treatment technology. The hybrid organo-modified sericite was obtained using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) and alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (AMBA) organic surfactants by introducing regulated doses of HDTMA or AMBA. The materials were characterized using infrared and X-ray diffraction analytical data, whereas the surface morphology was discussed by taking its SEM images. These materials were employed to assess the pre-concentration and speciation of As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solutions. The batch reactor data showed that increasing the sorptive concentration (from 1.0 to 15.0 mg/L) and pH (i.e., pH 2.0 to 10.0) caused the percent uptake of As(III) and As(V) to decrease significantly. The kinetic data showed that a sharp initial uptake of arsenic reached its equilibrium state within about 50 min of contact time, and the sorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order rate law both for As(III) and As(V) sorption. A 1,000 times increase in the background electrolyte concentration, i.e., NaNO3, caused a significant decrease in As(III) removal, whereas As(V) was almost unaffected, which inferred that As(III) was adsorbed, mainly by the van der Waals or even by the electrostatic attraction, whereas As(V) was adsorbed chemically and formed "inner-sphere" complexes at the solid/solution interface. The equilibrium state modeling studies indicated that the sorption data fitted well the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Henceforth, the removal capacity was calculated under these equilibrium conditions. It was noted that organo-modified sericite possessed a significantly higher removal capacity compared to its virgin sericite. Between these two organo-modified sericite, the HDTMA-modified sericite possessed a higher removal capacity compared to the AMBA-modified sericite.

Nanoparticles, being small (<1,000 nm) in size, provide high surface area-to-volume ratio as compared with the bulk materials which increase the concern about their potential toxicities. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxic potential of asymmetric lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles of doxycycline hydrochloride (DH lipomer) following intravenous route. DH lipomer was prepared by modified nano-precipitation method as reported earlier. Doxycyline loading was found to be 20 ± 2.5 %. Average particle size of DH lipomer and blank lipomer was 512 ± 8 and 520 ± 6 nm, respectively. Micronucleus (MN) assay was performed in adult healthy Swiss mice whereas chromosomal aberration (CA) test and comet assay were performed in healthy Holtzman rats following intravenous administration. Animals were divided into two sets, male and female, each set comprising of six groups (n = 5/group), viz., three test groups, blank lipomer (BL), vehicle control (VC), and positive control. Groups treated with 1.5 mg/kg BW DH lipomer did not show micronuclei formation in bone marrow cell, DNA damage, and CA, respectively, as compared with VC, suggesting no genotoxicity. On the other hand 3 and 6 mg/kg BW revealed significant (P > 0.001) increase in micronuclei formation, DNA damage, and chromosomal aberrations. Furthermore, BL (6 mg/kg BW) did not reveal genotoxic response in any of the tests, suggesting lipomer components as non-genotoxic. No sex-dependent variation in genotoxicity was observed. This study therefore suggests the potential safety of the proposed dose of DH lipomer at 1 mg/kg BW. An interesting highlight of the study is safety of lipomer matrix which could be exploited for other biomedical application.

The aim of the present investigation was to exploit the high specific surface area of activated carbons in immobilizing the manganese and iron oxides as to obtain a suitable, efficient and cost effective and environment benign wastewater treatment process in the remediation of cadmium-contaminated waters. The manganese and iron oxides were impregnated in situ onto the surface and pores of the activated carbons precursors to the rice hulls and areca nut wastes. The solids were characterized with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analytical data, and the BET specific surface area as obtained. The surface morphology of these solids was discussed with the help of scanning electron microscopic images. The activated carbon samples along with the manganese and iron immobilized activated carbons were further employed in the batch and column reactor operations in the remediation of cadmium-contaminated waters. The batch data showed that an increase in sorptive pH from 2.0 to 10.0 and concentration from 1.0 to 20 mg/L favoured the uptake of cadmium by these solids. Moreover, the 1,000 times increase in background electrolyte concentrations NaNO3 caused an insignificant decrease in cadmium uptake by these solids, which inferred that sorbing ions/species were sorbed specifically and forming 'inner-sphere' complexes onto the solid surface. The concentration dependence data were utilized to model various adsorption isotherms and indicated that Freundlich adsorption isotherm was reasonably fitted well. The kinetic data was fitted well to the pseudo-second-order rate equations; hence, the equilibrium sorption capacity was estimated. Furthermore, the dynamic experiments carried out by the column experiments and the breakthrough data were fitted well to the non-linear Thomas equations; accordingly, the loading capacity of the column was estimated. Iron or manganese immobilized activated carbons showed relatively higher loading capacity compared to its precursor activated carbons hence showing its possible implication in the remediation processes. Moreover, among these modified ACs, IIAC showed higher removal capacity than the MIAC solid.

Spectral data during a chelatometric titration were utilized for determining an equivalence point of the titration. Three-dimensional titration data were analyzed by fitting to a theoretical equation that was derived from equilibrium equations among a metal ion, an indicator and EDTA. The equation with optimized parameters successfully explained the three-dimensional titration data. This method was applied to EDTA titration systems of zinc, cadmium and lead with xylenol orange (XO) as an indicator. These systems were analyzed while taking the formation of 1:1 and 2:1 metal-indicator complexes into account. By this method, an accurate equivalence point was determined as well as stability constants and molar absorption spectra of metal-indicator complexes in each titration system. Moreover, the comparability among the concentrations of the metal standard solutions prepared from pure metals (Zn, Pb, and Cd) was also confirmed by the proposed evaluation method.