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Purpose Corporal punishment (CP) and physical abuse (PA) in childhood are associated with increased risk of child-to-parent violence (CPV). Without context of discipline (i.e., the intention of behavior change, and use of reasonable force), both CP and PA represent the use of physical force against a child. It is still unclear if their associations with CPV are similar when they co-occur, or when they occur in isolation. The current study examined the differential and cumulative association of different types of physical force in childhood with rates of CPV. Method The sample consisted of 1,132 participants, between 18 to 87-years-old (M = 50.95, SD = 14.24) and included 59.5% female and 39.2% male participants who completed an online survey measuring CP, PA and CPV. Participants formed three groups: low CP or PA (group low), high CP only (group HCP), or high PA and CP (group PA + CP). Results Two one-way ANOVAs with planned contrasts were conducted separately for CPV against mothers and fathers. The group HCP reported significantly higher CPV against both the mother and the father than group low and there was no significant difference between group HCP and group PA + CP. Conclusions Higher rates of CP are associated with higher rates of CPV; however, this rate does not increase further when there is concurrent PA. This suggests that there may be a low sensitivity for retaliation from a young person, or coercive training (through high parent-child conflict), in environments where there is physical force from a parent., Author(s): Travis Harries [sup.1] [sup.2] , Ashlee Curtis [sup.1] [sup.2] , Olivia Valpied [sup.1] , Ryan Baldwin [sup.1] [sup.2] , Shannon Hyder [sup.1] [sup.2] , Peter Miller [sup.1] [sup.2] Author [...]

Child maltreatment has been an issue of concern worldwide. This study aims to explore the relationship between child maltreatment and children's teacher-student relationships/peer relationships and the mechanisms of the relationship. Data were collected at two intervals of 12 months from 1,037 school-aged children (M = 9.57, SD = 0.65). This study divided child maltreatment into emotional and physical maltreatment. Both types of maltreatment were negatively associated with children's teacher-student and peer relationships. After controlling for demographic variables, both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression fully mediated the effects of emotional maltreatment on both types of interpersonal relationships. In addition, expressive suppression also partially mediated between physical maltreatment and teacher-student relationships, and fully mediated between physical maltreatment and peer relationships. The current study provides an understanding of how different types of child maltreatment affect children's relationships. This study also provides timely and necessary research to prevent and intervene in the harm that maltreatment causes to children., Author(s): Xiaoyue Wang [sup.1] , Wan Ding [sup.1] , Ruibo Xie [sup.1] , Wei Wu [sup.1] , Min Jiang [sup.1] , Sumaira Kayani [sup.1] , Weijian Li [sup.1] Author Affiliations: [...]

This study examines the alcohol use and alcohol intoxication trajectories for victims of childhood violence over time and the potential pathways of relational difficulties and revictimization for the association between childhood abuse and problematic drinking behavior. The sample included 681 respondents (aged 19-37 years) from a follow-up study (2017) conducted via phone interviews derived from a community telephone survey collected in 2013. Individuals who were exposed to violence (n = 298) had higher starting levels of alcohol intoxication at age 16, but the controls (n = 383) had a steeper increase across time. The violence exposed cases reported more problematic drinking behavior than the controls. Significant predictors for problematic drinking behavior among the cases were revictimization (OR = 2.08, 95% CI:1.17-3.70), having deviant peer relationships (OR = 2.73, 95% CI:1.47-5.06) and low social support (OR 0.71, 95% CI:0.51-0.99). Clinicians need to be aware of the negative relationships between revictimization, social relationships and problematic drinking behavior in individuals exposed to childhood violence., Author(s): Ida Frugård Strøm [sup.1] , Marianne Skogbrott Birkeland [sup.1] , Helene Flood Aakvaag [sup.1] , Siri Thoresen [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.504188.0, 0000 0004 0460 5461, Norwegian Centre for [...]

Maternal experience of childhood abuse has been associated with offspring autism. To explore whether familial tendency towards autistic traits-presumably related to genetic predisposition-accounts for this association, we examined whether women who experienced childhood abuse were more likely to select mates with high levels of autistic traits, and whether parental autistic traits accounted for the association of maternal abuse and offspring autism in 209 autism cases and 833 controls. Maternal childhood abuse was strongly associated with high paternal autistic traits (severe abuse, OR = 3.98, 95% CI = 1.26, 8.31). Maternal and paternal autistic traits accounted for 21% of the association between maternal abuse and offspring autism. These results provide evidence that childhood abuse affects mate selection, with implications for offspring health., Author(s): Andrea L. Roberts [sup.1] , Kristen Lyall [sup.2] , Marc G. Weisskopf [sup.3] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School [...]

We investigate maternal attitudes toward corporal punishment and the attribution of blame to the child on the basis of data gathered from a population survey of a representative sample of mothers and mother figures. A total of 3,148 women living at least half of the time with a child participated in a telephone survey. The independent variables included in the multivariate model predicting maternal attitudes and attributions include the child's, the mother's and the family's characteristics and social support. Results of the multiple regression analysis demonstrate the unique contribution of variables according to the mother's characteristics (mother's sensitivity to the consequences of violence, mother's experience of childhood violence and parental stress related to child's temperament). These results partially support the importance of prevention programs that would reduce stress and increase the level of parental empathy through the means of parental training. Keywords Corporal punishment * Parental attitudes * Childhood abuse * Parental stress

We examined the relationship of gender and different forms of abuse experience on internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and IQ in a sample of 397 youngsters who were admitted to a residential treatment program. Three types of abuse experience were examined in this study: sexual abuse only, physical abuse only, and both sexual and physical abuse. Results indicate that girls exhibited higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms even though abuse experience was accounted for in the analyses. Moreover, youngsters who had experienced sexual abuse (but not physical abuse) exhibited higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms than youngsters who had not been abused. Implications for developing individualized interventions based on gender and abuse experience in residential treatment programs is discussed. Keywords Residential treatment * Gender differences * Aggression * Sexual abuse * Physical abuse

While most of the existing literature has focused on the risks associated with parentification, we examined the potential benefits (i.e., posttraumatic growth) associated with parentification. Predictors of posttraumatic growth explored in our study included: attachment, differentiation of self, parentification, and resiliency. Partial support was found for the predictor variables leading to posttraumatic growth, with resilience emerging as the strongest predictor; resilience explained 14% of the variance in posttraumatic growth. These findings suggest that future research might explore additional resiliency factors that explain positive psychological outcomes related to childhood parentification. Keywords Family system * Parentification * Child maltreatment * Posttraumatic growth * Psychopathology * Resiliency

This study tests a model of the effects on child behavioral outcome of the child's exposure to partner violence and child abuse, in children who have experienced the two forms of victimization either separately or together. Recognizing that family contextual factors play an important role in influencing child outcome, an ecological model is proposed that designates family stress as the principal exogenous factor, with effects on child outcome mediated through caretaker distress, partner violence, and child abuse. The sample consists of 100 confirmed cases of physically abused New York City schoolchildren, ages 9 to 12 years, and their families, and 100 nonmaltreated classmates, matched for gender, age, and, as closely as possible, for race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, and their families. Child behavioral outcome is assessed by classmates for antisocial, prosocial, and withdrawn behavior and by parents and teachers for externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. Results are generally consistent with the hypothesis that partner violence and caretaker distress, both associated with family stress, increase the risk for child abuse and thereby raise the child's risk for poor outcome. Implications of differences among raters for the model's applicability, and implications of the results for clinical intervention, are discussed. KEY WORDS: partner violence: child abuse: behavior problems: peer-rated social behavior.

Byline: Adam Zolotor (1), Jonathan Kotch (1), Vincent Dufort (1), Jane Winsor (1), Diane Catellier (2), Ingrid Bou-Saada (1) Keywords: Child abuse; child neglect; academic performance; peer status; adaptive functioning Abstract: Objective: Previous research has suggested that child maltreatment is associated with poor school performance. However, previous studies have largely been cross-sectional or, if longitudinal, have had small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, or have not adequately controlled for confounders. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between child maltreatment and school performance in a cohort of children at risk of maltreatment and followed since birth. Method: This prospective study followed children born at risk for maltreatment with semi-annual reviews of the North Carolina Central Registry of Child Abuse and Neglect. At ages six and eight years, children's teachers were surveyed using the Achenbach Teacher Report Form and project-developed questions regarding peer status. This information, along with control variables from maternal interviews, was used in logistic regression models to determine the impact of maltreatment on academic performance, peer status, and adaptive functioning. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) method was applied to adjust variance estimates for within-person correlations of school performance measures at two points in time. Results: A substantiated maltreatment report is significantly associated with poorer academic performance (p &lt 0.01) and poorer adaptive functioning (p &lt 0.001) but not with peer status. Conclusions: Understanding the consequences of maltreatment, including poor academic performance and adaptive functioning, is important in planning educational, health, and social service interventions that may help abused or neglected children succeed in school and later in life. Longitudinal analysis is the best way to establish a causal relationship between maltreatment and subsequent school problems. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7400 (2) Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7400 Article History: Registration Date: 30/09/2004

This study investigated the relationship between maltreatment during childhood, parental conflict tactics and the tactics employed by young adults during a disagreement with their parents. Four hundred and sixty nine university students completed the Conflict Tactic Scale and a Childhood History Questionnaire giving details on tactics employed during the previous year and information about their childhood respectively. Overall, 14.5% of students reported using violent tactics with their mother and/or father and 3.8% of them admitted to being severely violent to one or both of their parents. The conflict tactics used by the respondent were found to be significantly related to the reported tactics of their parents and the experience of being maltreated by parents in earlier years. KEY WORDS: physical violence; parents; young adults; child maltreatment.