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The existing scholarly discourse surrounding the energy transition has long operated on the assumption of perfect displacement of non-renewable energy. However, an evolving set of studies highlights an intricate web of inefficiencies and complexities that prevent the perfect displacement of fossil fuel energy with renewable energy production. Since this could carry serious implications for the environmental targets of several economies, it is crucial to accurately and continuously measure the actual extent of fossil fuel displacement. Within this framework, this study empirically investigates the extent of non-renewable energy displacement by renewable energy for a balanced panel of seven Asia-Pacific (APAC) countries between 1989 and 2015. The outcome function also controls for globalisation, real GDP per capita, and crude oil prices. After implementing the necessary diagnostics, the panel cointegration establishes a significant long-run relationship among the selected variables. The PMG-ARDL estimation indicates that renewable energy production and globalisation significantly reduce the fossil fuel energy production, whereas real GDP per capita and crude oil prices induce it positively. However, the coefficient of renewable energy production is only - 0.39, indicating that more than 2.5 units of renewable electricity are necessary to displace a unit of non-renewable energy. As such, this study concludes that the current energy transition in Asia-Pacific region is not perfect. These results are robust to the usage of the FGLS estimation technique. The study suggests the adoption of a new energy transition that allows greater displacement of fossil fuel energy as well as gradual reduction in overall energy use., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Skin prick testing (SPT) is one of the most extensively used screening and diagnostic tool in contemporary allergy practice. It plays a vital role in diagnosis of type 1 hypersensitivity reaction in patients with rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, anapylaxis, atopic eczema and suspected food and drug allergy. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pattern of allergenicity of aero-allergens and mites in the rural part of Eastern India using SPT. A total of 50 subjects (25 males and 25 females) were selected for the present study. Complete history and clinical symptoms were recorded according to ARIA guidelines. All the patients were subjected to SPT using 35 allergens. Positive sensitization was recorded in terms of frequency and measured in terms of maximum wheal diameter. The most common allergens observed were Gynandropsis gynandra (positive sensitization in 33 cases with wheal of 4.18 mm diameter) followed by Dermatophagoides farinae (25 cases, 6.12 mm diameter), Ageratum conyzoides (19 cases, 3.36 mm diameter), Cannabis sativa (17 cases, 3.52 mm diameter) and Cassia occidentalis (17 cases, 3.58 mm diameter). When the sensitivity was being compared between the most common allergens, statistical significance was obtained for Ageratum conyzoides and Cannabis sativa with Dermatophagoides farina ( p value-0.0001). SPT is a reliable, minimally invasive procedure with immediate results useful in detection and promoting health of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2020.)