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For large prostate volume, open simple prostatectomy (OSP) or holmium laser enucleation are the gold standard surgical treatment medical therapy failure. Robot-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) has recently been proposed as an alternative to OSP and endoscopic techniques. Our objective was to describe our extraperitoneal RASP technique for patients with benign prostate obstruction (BPO), and to report on perioperative and mid-term functional outcomes. Data were collected prospectively for all consecutive patients who underwent RASP in our high-volume tertiary hospital over a 6-year period. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and uroflow findings were compared before and after surgery. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were also assessed. Forty-seven patients were included in the study. There was no intraoperative incident and no blood transfusion was needed after surgery. Median time to bladder catheter removal was 4 days and patients were discharged the day after. Within 90 postoperative days, 6 patients (12%) experienced at least one complication, all low-grade except one (2.1%) which was Clavien IIIa grade. By univariate analysis, the only risk factor for postoperative complications was the Charlson comorbidity index (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = [1.1-4.7], p = 0.04). At 12 months, a significant improvement IPSS and uroflow rate was observed. No patient reported stress urinary incontinence. Extraperitoneal RASP appears to be a safe and effective technique for men with LUTS related to large BPO. RASP is less invasive than OSP and wide diffusion of the robot-system could lead to the rapid implementation of RASP as a treatment for large prostate., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The prognostic impact of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) morphotype remains unclear in patients who undergo partial nephrectomy (PN). Our objective was to determine the risk factors for recurrence after PN, including RCC morphotype., Methods: Patients with RCC who had undergone PN were extracted from the prospective, national French database, UroCCR. Patients with genetic predisposition, bilateral or multiple tumours, and those who had undergone secondary totalization were excluded. Primary endpoint was 5-year, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Risk factors for recurrence were assessed by multivariable Cox regression analysis., Results: Overall, 2,767 patients were included (70% male; median age: 61 years [interquartile range (IQR) 51-69]). Most (71.5%) of the PN procedures were robot-assisted. Overall, 2,573 (93.0%) patients were recurrence free, and 74 died (2.7%). Five-year RFS was 84.9% (IQR 82.4-87.4). A significant difference in RFS was observed between RCC morphotypes (p < 0.001). Surgical margins (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-3.2], p < 0.01), pT stage >1 (HR = 2.6 [95% CI: 1.8-3.7], p < 0.01]) and Fuhrmann grade >2 (HR = 1.9 [95% CI: 1.4-2.6], p < 0.001) were risk factors for recurrence, whereas chromophobe subtype was a protective factor (HR = 0.08 [95% CI: 0.01-0.6], p = 0.02). Five-year OS was 94.0% [92.4-95.7], and there were no significant differences between RCC subgroups (p = 0.06). The main study limitation was its design (multicentre national database), which may be responsible for declarative bias., Conclusions: Chromophobe morphotype was significantly associated with better RFS in RCC patients who underwent PN. Conversely, pT stage, Fuhrman group and positive surgical margins were risk factors for recurrence., (© 2022. Society of Surgical Oncology.)

Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion is one of the most challenging procedures in urological surgery. Over the past 15 years, this procedure has gained in popularity and the number of procedures performed has increased significantly. While ileal conduit remains the most common diversion, orthotopic neobladders are also formed in a few expert centres that have developed their technique for totally intracorporeal neobladder. The objective of this review is to summarise the techniques currently used to perform totally intracorporeal neobladder with a special focus on their functional outcomes, such as continence or sexual function. The techniques described are the Karolinska-modified Studer neobladder, the USC-modified Studer neobladder, the pyramid pouch, the Y-pouch, and the vesica Ileale Padovana, some trying to totally reproduce the steps of open surgery and others trying to simplify them. Functional outcomes vary depending on the technique performed. Standardisation in assessing outcomes is lacking, as well as objective outcome measurements with questionnaires or urodynamic assessments. Current evidence shows acceptable functional outcomes after totally intracorporeal neobladder construction, but larger prospective randomised series with longer follow-up, better defined outcomes, and more objective measurements are needed in the future.

Background: Only a few studies have compared the outcomes of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN). This study aimed to compare perioperative and oncologic outcomes of RPN and OPN., Methods: The data of all patients who underwent partial nephrectomy from 2006 to 2014 in six academic departments of urology were retrospectively collected. Perioperative outcomes were compared between OPN and RPN patients. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test., Results: The study included 1800 patients: 937 who underwent RPN and 863 who underwent OPN. The patients in the robotic group had smaller tumors (33.1 vs. 39.9 mm; p < 0.001) but comparable RENAL scores (6.8 vs. 6.7; p = 0.37). The complication rate was higher in the OPN group (28.6 vs. 18 %; p < 0.001). The OPN patients had greater estimated blood loss (359.5 vs. 275 ml; p < 0.001) and more frequent hemorrhagic complications (12.1 vs. 6.9 %; p < 0.001). The robotic approach was associated with a shorter warm ischemia time (WIT 15.7 vs. 18.6 min; p < 0.001) and a shorter hospital of stay (4.7 vs. 10.1 days; p < 0.001). In the propensity score-weighted analysis, the inverse probability of treatment weighting adjusted odds ratio for the risk of complication after OPN versus RPN was 2.11 (95 % confidence interval, 1.53-2.91; p < 0.001). After a median postoperative follow-up period of 13 months for OPN and 39 months for RPN (p < 0.001), CSS and RFS were similar in the two groups. In the multivariate analysis, RPN showed an impact on the occurrence of a complication but had no effect on WIT or RFS., Conclusion: In this study, RPN was less morbid than OPN, with lower complications, less blood loss, and a shorter hospital of stay. The intermediate-term oncologic outcomes were similar in the two groups.

Purpose: To determine the effect of nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) on cancer control in renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and to compare the outcomes of patients who had elective versus imperative indications for surgery., Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the data for patients treated with open NSS between 1980 and 2005 for sporadic RCCs. The following data were analyzed: age, intraoperative parameters, tumor size, Fuhrman grade, tumor, node, metastasis system disease stage, pathological data, and outcome., Results: A total of 155 patients with a median age of 60 years were included. The mean preoperative and postoperative creatinine levels were 1.1 ± 0.3 mg/dl (range 0.6-2.6 mg/dl) and 1.2 ± 0.4 mg/dl (range 0.5-3.4 mg/dl), respectively. The mean tumor size was 3.8 ± 2 cm (range 1-10 cm). Margin status was positive in 15 cases (9.70%), and multifocal RCCs were observed in 36 patients (23.2%). Overall, NSS indications were elective in 96 cases (61.9%) and imperative in 59 cases (38.1%). Univariate analysis found that elective cases were associated with better perioperative outcomes (P = 0.01). In univariate analysis, tumor, node, metastasis system disease stage, multifocality, and indication were associated with recurrence (P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, only multifocality status and imperatives indications were significant (P < 0.05). The mean follow-up was 118.2 ± 151 months. The 5- and 10-year tumor-free survival rates were 81.8% and 78.7% in elective and imperatives cases, respectively., Conclusions: Oncologic control seems to be better for cases of elective open NSS. Thus, NSS should be advocated as soon as it is technically possible, regardless of the size of the tumor.

Background: A robot-assisted laparoscopic approach for radical prostatectomy (RALRP) is being adopted increasingly worldwide for the treatment of localized prostate cancer (CaP). Complications assessment is essential to the objective evaluation of any new procedure. This study aimed to assess the perioperative complications encountered during the implementation of a robot-assisted urologic surgery program., Methods: A prospective data collection for all men with a diagnosis of CaP who underwent RALRP between 2005 and 2009 in our department was achieved. Together with perioperative data, all the perioperative complications encountered were specifically recorded, including robot dysfunctions. The RALRP was performed with the three-arm Da Vinci system using a transperitoneal approach with six ports. To assess the perioperative complications, the validated Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical procedures was used. Two surgeons were involved in these procedures. A modified Clavien-Dindo classification also was used to account for intraoperative complications., Results: According to the Clavien-Dindo classification, 16 complications (6.7% complication rate) were recorded during the first 240 procedures. Besides postoperative complications, five procedures (2.1%) were directly affected by robot malfunctions without notable consequences for the patients. Considering these five additional complications, an 8.8% complication rate was recorded using a modified Clavien-Dindo classification. The main limitation of the study was its design restricted to RALRP procedures alone. The second limitation was that the authors' modified classification needs to be validated with a larger series and for different surgical procedures., Conclusions: The findings show that RALRP is a safe alternative to classical surgery and that the robotic approach is reliable. The authors believe that the reliability of technological devices should be systematically discussed when outcome analysis of a new procedure is performed.