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The study aims to analyse the relationships between sport spectators’ gambling motivation and propensity for violence. Descriptive and relational screening model were used in this study. Study group is composed of 539 volunteers determined via purposeful and convenient sampling. Personal Information Form was prepared by the researchers of the study; and Gambling Motivations Scale and Sport Spectators Aggression and Violence Scale were used to gather the data. For inferential statistics, Pearson Correlation Analysis was conducted to reveal the relationships between some variables and sub-scales of measurement tools. Furthermore, multi variable relations between sub-scales of Gambling Motivation Scale and sub-scales of The Sport Spectator Aggression and Violence Scale were analysed through Canonical Correlation Analysis. The results of correlation analysis show that there is a weak significant positive correlation between both the frequency of sport gambling and gambling motivation, and between the frequency of sport gambling and sport spectators’ aggression in all sub scales. In addition, weak significant and positive correlation between both the level of fandom and gambling motivation, and the level of fandom and aggression of spectators was found in all sub-scales. As for the correlation between consuming alcohol before matches and gambling motivation and sport spectators aggression, not consuming alcohol before matches was found significantly high correlated compared to consuming alcohol before matches. In conclusion, it can be said there is a relation between gambling motivation and aggression and propensity for violence. Moreover, it can be thought the fact that the perceived fandom level of gambler sport spectators is high causes the increase in aggression and propensity for violence. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

There appear to be contradicting theories and empirical findings on the association between adolescent Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) symptoms and cannabis use, suggesting potential risk as well as protective pathways. The aim of this six-year longitudinal study was to further examine associations between SAD symptoms and cannabis use over time in adolescents from the general population, specifically focusing on the potential role that adolescents’ involvement with their peers may have in these associations. Participants were 497 Dutch adolescents (57 % boys; Mage = 13.03 at T1), who completed annual self-report questionnaires for 6 successive years. Cross-lagged panel analysis suggested that adolescent SAD symptoms were associated with less peer involvement 1 year later. Less adolescent peer involvement was in turn associated with lower probabilities of cannabis use as well as lower frequency of cannabis use 1 year later. Most importantly, results suggested significant longitudinal indirect paths from adolescent SAD symptoms to cannabis use via adolescents’ peer involvement. Overall, these results provide support for a protective function of SAD symptoms in association with cannabis use in adolescents from the general population. This association is partially explained by less peer involvement (suggesting increased social isolation) for those adolescents with higher levels of SAD symptoms. Future research should aim to gain more insight into the exact nature of the relationship between anxiety and cannabis use in adolescents from the general population, especially regarding potential risk and protective processes that may explain this relationship.