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This case based resource focuses on kidney disease in patients with cancer. Chapters cover the pathophysiology and management of specific kidney diseases in cancer patients, as well as the impact of chemotherapy, toxicity of organ and stem cell transplantation and other emerging therapies. Filling a significant knowledge gap in this burgeoning field, Onconephrology features the latest evidence and clinical approaches for the beginner or experienced practitioner.

Nearly all patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have at least one significant dermatologic manifestation. This all-inclusive reference covers the wide array of cutaneous manifestations attributable to CKD, kidney transplantation and the pharmacological aspects of the disease process. Each chapter provides pathobiology, extensive clinical discussions, full-color images and in-depth treatment options. Dermatological Manifestations of Kidney Disease helps the practitioner, nephrologist, resident and student recognize, appropriately evaluate and treat these conditions more effectively.

Themen der Onkologie - für die Fort- und Weiterbildung Sie möchten sich über Änderungen, Neuerungen, aktuelle Themen oder Trends Ihrer Fächer informieren?Sie wollen praxisrelevante Informationen, die anschaulich und verständlich aufbereitet sind? Sie möchten die wichtigsten Fakten Ihres Faches lernen oder noch einmal auffrischen?Dann greifen Sie zum vorliegenden Werk! Es bietet Ihnen aktuelles Fachwissen rund um die Onkologie in hoher Qualität und auf hohem Niveau - verfasst und begutachtet von Experten - u.a. zu:Obduktionen in der OnkologieDas PeniskarzinomTumoren nach NierentransplantationKieferosteonekrose unter antiosteoklastischer TherapieMaligne Melanome am Auge des ErwachsenenMultimodale Therapie von HypophysenadenomenDiagnostik und Therapie des cholangiozellulären KarzinomsChirurgie der SchilddrüsenmalignomePsychoonkologieDiagnostik und Therapie des hepatozellulären KarzinomsMöglichkeiten der Bronchoskopie in der OnkologieSpätfolgen onkologischer TherapiePrimäre Zentralnervensystemlymphome (PZNSL)Therapie des AnalkarzinomsDiagnostik und Therapie von gastrointestinalen Stromatumoren (GIST)Multimodale Therapie des nicht metastasierten MammakarzinomsParaneoplastische Gerinnungsstörungen HPV-assoziierte oropharyngeale Karzinome – Aktueller Stand und Verhältnis zum Karzinom unbekannter HerkunftDie Inhalte entsprechen den CME-Beiträgen aus der Fachzeitschrift „Der Onkologe“ von Heft 1/2013 - Heft 06/2014.

Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality associated with cancer, and tumor genomic heterogeneity is a likely source for the cells that support cancer progression, resistance to therapy, and disease relapse. This book connects cancer metastasis with genomic instability in a comprehensive manner. Section 1 outlines the fundamental mechanisms responsible for these cellular and tissue phenotypes. Section 2 discusses in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models used for the experimental study of these processes. Section 3 reviews emerging themes (ex., microenvironment, mechanotransduction, and immunomodulation), and Section 4 highlights new therapeutic approaches to overcome the unique challenges presented by the heterogeneous and metastatic tumor. This book is intended for undergraduates and postgraduates with an interest in the areas of medicine, oncology, and cancer biology as well as for the content expert searching for thorough reviews of current knowledge in these areas.

This textbook addresses themes ranging from the molecular issues of cancer sciences to clinical practice in medical oncology. It clarifies many topics, including molecular oncology, chemotherapy pharmacology and practical issues for clinicians. Systemic treatments in many areas of oncology feature, such as breast cancer, gastrointestinal, thoracic, urological oncology, head and neck tumors, bone tumors, sarcomas and palliative care.An excellent source for young physicians and researchers in the field of oncology, this book furthers understanding of medical oncology practice and facilitates professionals'treatment of cancer patients. It sets the direction for future research in the field, and will become the readers'regular working tool.

The concept of cancer stem cells has great clinical implications. This is due to the fact that small subpopulations of these cells have been identified in a variety of neoplastic conditions ranging from solid tumors to liquid malignancies. Although there are some huge gaps in our current understanding of the role played by cancer stem cells in cancer biology, a growing body of evidence provides strong support for the principal functions of these cells in tumorigenesis. This has represented the potential of cancer stem cells in the development of novel and innovative tools for the treatment of metastatic tumors. This book aims to offer a broad framework for obtaining insight into the state-of-the-art knowledge on cancer stem cell biology and highlight the therapeutic implications of these cells in the future of clinical oncology.

Since the first edition of this book was published, much new knowledge has been gained on hemangiomas and vascular malformations. This revised and updated second edition, written by worldwide leaders in the field, fully reflects this progress.Important improvements in the treatment of hemangiomas are reviewed, including the use of beta-blockers and other medical therapies as well as advances in interventional treatments and the treatment of hemangiomas in specific locations.Vascular malformations are being investigated with increasing frequency all over the world and new challenges are emerging regarding both diagnosis and treatment. This edition considers the current role of the full range of diagnostic imaging techniques –magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, nuclear medicine techniques, angiography, and phlebography. The various treatment options, including laser, interventional radiological, and surgical techniques, are then presented in detail.Afurther individual section is devoted to the study and treatment of lymphatic malformations and dysplasias, and a series of chapters also focus on problems in the treatment of malformations in particular locations, including the thorax and viscera.This book, in atlas format, is exceptional in providing clinically relevant information on the diagnosis and treatment of both hemangiomas and vascular malformations. It will appeal to all professionals who encounter these conditions in their daily clinical practice.

This translational book describes in detail the clinical application of novel approaches in cancer immunotherapy with the aim of educating clinicians in the implications of the most recent research and new developments in the field. The scope is broad, encompassing, for example, prognostic biomarkers for personalized cancer treatment, strategies for targeting tumor immunosuppression, gene therapy, virus-based vaccines, targeting of cancer stem cells, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the role of T lymphocytes in cancer immunotherapy, use of monoclonal antibodies, and many more innovative approaches. Clinical immunologists, hematologists, and oncologists in particular will find the book to be of value in expanding their knowledge. The book is the second in a three-volume series, Cancer Immunology, which offers an up-to-date review of cancer immunology and immunotherapy. The remaining volumes focus on the immunopathology of cancers and cancer immunotherapy for organ-specific tumors. In total the series, designed for both clinicians and researchers, includes contributions from more than 250 scientists working at leading universities and institutes from across the world.

This volume explores the latest developments in a novel area of molecular biology and a hot topic in the field of oncology: cancer stem cells. These chapters from expert contributing authors present concepts such as the universal stem cell, new molecular pathways, new targeted agents, the different roles that cancer stem cells seem to have according to the organ they are placed in, and the future role that targeting cancer stem cells may have in the management of patients in the clinic.Exploring the latest research including new data from randomized trials, this book examines important proposals over the origin of cancer stem cells such as the possibility that cancer stem cells may arise from mutated stem cells or a fully differentiated cell that may undergo several mutations that drive it back to a stem-like state. The authors consider the role that stem cells seem to have in the onset, development and resistance to classical antitumoral treatments of cancer and discuss possible potential future treatment modalities for the management of advanced cancer patients.The question,'Are stem cells involved in cancer?'may not have a simple answer, but ongoing investigations, in-depth consideration and a broad spectrum of information can be found in this book, allowing the reader to arrive at his or her own answer.This book will appeal to researchers in the field of oncology and cancer research and biomedical scientists with an interest in stem cells.

Kompaktes Handbuch für den klinischen Einsatz und als Vorbereitung für die Zusatzbezeichnung „Medikamentöse Tumortherapie“. Besonderen praktischen Nutzen durch Behandlungsprotokolle, Dosierungsanleitungen und Applikationsschemata. Diese stehen als Download zur Verfügung und sind so direkt in der Praxis einsetzbar. Alles über Mechanismen, Anwendung und Nebenwirkungen von Zytostatika, Immuntherapien und zielgerichteten Therapien u.a. bei Melanom, Lymphomen, Basalzellkarzinom, Plattenepithelkarzinom, Merkelzellkarzinom, Sarkom. Jedes Therapeutikum wird mit den wichtigsten Informationen vorgestellt. Übersichtliche Darstellungen über Nebenwirkungen wie Hand-Fuß-Syndrom, Schmerzen, Blutbildveränderungen und das Vorgehen bei Paravasaten. Darüber hinaus wird die Therapie kutaner Nebenwirkungen dargestellt, die bei onkologischen Behandlungen in anderen Fachgebieten auftreten können. Inklusive aller Informationen zu Nachsorge und palliativen Maßnahmen. Ein Handbuch für die Praxis und außerdem die richtige Vorbereitung für die Zusatzbezeichnung „Medikamentöse Tumortherapie“.

Aberrant expression and function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer have added a new layer of complexity to the understanding of development and progression of the disease state. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs have a crucial function in oncogenesis by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The expression signatures of miRNAs provide exciting opportunities in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of cancer. Since miRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in oncogenesis, the potential of using these small RNAs as therapeutic targets opens up new opportunities for cancer therapy by either inhibiting or augmenting their activity.

This book, for the first time, comprehensively assembles and analyzes a large body of information on the role of the fundamental mechanism of the protein biosynthesis pathway, translation, in cancer biology. It systematically explores the function of the translation machinery and its regulation, including cell signaling, in the development, maintenance and progression of human cancer. The work presented here unveils the tremendous potential and applications of this vast and exciting branch of genetic, biochemical and molecular science in cancer medicine and drug development.Chapters contributed by experts in the field take the reader on a journey that starts with a dissection of the translation machinery and its regulation in norm and cancer. Later chapters characterize etiological and pathogenetic roles that translation plays in specific cancer types. Various aspects of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic significance of the translation machinery and its control in cancer are discussed. Readers will discover the importance of the process of translation and its regulatory mechanisms in physiology and cancer biology.The chapters and the numerous illustrations included here were contributed by expert scientists and clinicians from renowned academic and clinical establishments in Canada, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Belgium, Spain, Germany and Australia.The book conveys information and knowledge that may interest a broad range of students and scholars ranging from basic scientists to clinicians and drug developers seeking to better understand the protein synthesis and its aberrations in cancer biology and cancer medicine.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females that accounts for highest cancer specific deaths worldwide. In the last few decades research has proven that breast cancer can be treated if diagnosed at early stages and proper therapeutic strategy is adopted. Omics-based recent approaches have unveiled the molecular mechanism behind the breast tumorigenesis and aid in identification of next-generation molecular markers for early diagnosis, prognosis and even the effective targeted therapy. Significant development has taken place in the field of omics in breast cancer in the last decade. The most promising omics approaches and their outcomes in breast cancer have been presented in this book for the first time. The book covers omics technologies and budding fields such as breast cancer miRNA, lipidomics, epigenomics, proteomics, nutrigenomics, stem cell, pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine and many more along with conventional topics such as breast cancer management etc. It is a research-based reference book useful for clinician-scientists, researchers, geneticists and health care industries involved in various aspects of breast cancer. The book will also be useful for students of biomedicine, pathology and pharmacy.

Dermatologists commonly treat acne, which affects 40 to 50 million Americans each year and about 85 percent of all patients at some point in their lives. Dermatologists, primary care doctors, and pediatricians see these patients every day in practice. It is important to treat the skin effectively not only to reduce the risk of physical scarring, but also to address the negative psychosocial impact this disease carries. Improving the skin can improve self-confidence, interpersonal relationships, and performance in school or at work. Acneiform Eruptions in Dermatology is a practical, full-color guide to the differential diagnosis of acne vulgaris and the treatment of acne-like conditions. It is organized into sections by subtype of condition (e.g., infections, genetic syndromes, medication-caused) and includes a section of variants of acne that may be misdiagnosed. Within the sections, individual chapters discuss each variant of the condition and beginwith a helpful bulleted summary of its defining clinical features. Extensive color clinical images appear throughout the book.

Combinatorial Algebra: Syntax and Semantics provides comprehensive account of many areas of combinatorial algebra. It contains self-contained proofs of more than 20 fundamental results, both classical and modern. This includes Golod–Shafarevich and Olshanskii's solutions of Burnside problems, Shirshov's solution of Kurosh's problem for PI rings, Belov's solution of Specht's problem for varieties of rings, Grigorchuk's solution of Milnor's problem, Bass–Guivarc'h theorem about growth of nilpotent groups, Kleiman's solution of Hanna Neumann's problem for varieties of groups, Adian's solution of von Neumann-Day's problem, Trahtman's solution of the road coloring problem of Adler, Goodwyn and Weiss. The book emphasize several ``universal'tools, such as trees, subshifts, uniformly recurrent words, diagrams and automata. With over 350 exercises at various levels of difficulty and with hints for the more difficult problems, this book can be used as a textbook, and aims to reach a wide and diversified audience. No prerequisites beyond standard courses in linear and abstract algebra are required. The broad appeal of this textbook extends to a variety of student levels: from advanced high-schoolers to undergraduates and graduate students, including those in search of a Ph.D. thesis who will benefit from the “Further reading and open problems” sections at the end of Chapters 2 –5. The book can also be used for self-study, engaging those beyond the classroom setting: researchers, instructors, students, virtually anyone who wishes to learn and better understand this important area of mathematics.

This book pursues a multidisciplinary approach, presenting chapters with updated information on various aspects of treatment for patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Authors have been selected from expert centers in Europe and the United States. The goal of this book is to comprehensively summarize recent data and provide inspiring ideas to optimize the care of patients with neuroendocrine tumors.Neuroendocrine tumors are fascinating multifaceted diseases that can primarily localize in many organs with various presentations. These tumors are rare but their increasing incidence renders likely that physicians caring for cancers may have either already faced or may be certainly exposed to diagnose and/or treat a patient with neuroendocrine tumors. Over the last years, novel therapeutic options have emerged for neuroendocrine tumors, profoundly challenging practices that had previously been the standards for decades. These include - but are not limited to - somatostatin analogues, targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase and mTOR inhibitors, antiangiogenic compounds, but also peptide-receptor targeted therapy or radioembolization. This changing field has generated novel treatment algorithms to guide medical decisions. To better understand and handle the multidisciplinary approaches that are required for optimizing the care of neuroendocrine tumor patients, physicians are now looking for references from experts and comprehensive reviews summarizing current knowledge on treatments for patients with neuroendocrine tumors.

Das vorliegende Buch ist in seiner Konzeption und Umfang im deutschen Schrifttum einzigartig. In ausführlicher Weise werden alle Krankheiten des Dünn- und Dickdarms dargestellt, wobei sich der Bogen von den Grundlagen wie der Anatomie und Embryologie und der Resorption über die diagnostischen Verfahren (molekulare Diagnostik, Sonographie, Röntgen, Angiographie, Nuklearmedizin, Endoskopie) und weiter zu den klinischen Syndromen (Obstipation, etc.) spannt. Es folgen die klinischen Krankheitsbilder, die ausführlich dargestellt sind. Jedes Kapitel ist gegliedert nach Definition, Vorkommen, Ätiologie und Pathogenese, Klinik, Diagnostik, Differentialdiagnose und Therapie (konservativ-endoskopisch, chirurgisch) und Prognose. Dieses Buch wird ein absolutes Muß für jeden gastroenterologisch tätigen Arzt.

A large number of cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by inflammation. This volume on the molecular basis of microcirculatory disorders gives a comprehensive summary of key steps in the inflammatory cascade. Leading investigators present a state-of-the-art analysis of the molecular determinants of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, mechanotransduction in endothelial and inflammatory cells, mechanisms of cell activation, microvascular apoptosis with applications to ischemia-reperfusion in the brain, the heart and in venous disease, diabetes and hypertension. The book provides the latest thinking in these important cardiovascular problems, with the most contemporary literature and a look at the increasingly complex events during inflammation. Molecular biology tools, microvascular and modern bioengineering analysis are seamlessly integrated into the analysis of clinical problems. The book helps not only newcomers to gain entry into the interesting problems associated with microvascular disorders, but lays the foundation for the design of new therapeutic interventions.

Schwerverletzte sollten zur Vermeidung lebens bedrohlicher Unfallfolgen schnellstmöglich gerettet werden. Während die Rettungskette ab dem Zeitpunkt der Alarmierung in Europa zum Teil ausgezeichnet organisiert und stetig optimiert wird ist der Zeitraum zwischen dem Unfallereignis und der Alarmierung der Rettungskette vielfach sehr variabel und dauert von Minuten bis Stunden, in Einzelfällen sogar Tage. In diesem äußerst wichtigen, unmittelbar posttraumatischen Zeitraum ist der Schwerverletzte ohne adäquate medizinische Hilfe, sodass die eingetretenen Verletzungen ungebremst zu irreversiblen Schäden, Multiorganversagen und Tod führen können. Ein mögliche Lösung für dieses Problem könnte der so genannte'Automatische Unfallmelder'(ACN = Automatie Collision Notification) bieten. Anhand dieser Zusammenstellung soll der Nutzen des ACN zur Reduzierung von Toten im Straßenverkehr untersucht werden. Material und Methodik ACN-Struktur Im Falle eines schweren Pkw-Verkehrsunfalls detektiert der ACN anhand verschiedener Parameter, wie zum Beispiel Änderung der Geschwindigkeit, die potentielle Notwendigkeit der Alarmierung der Rettungskette. Mittels Global Positioning System (GPS) wird zunächst der genaue Standort des Unfallfahrzeuges ermittelt. Über das Mobiltelephon wird schließlich der automatische Notruf abgesetzt. Dabei wird automatisch eine Telefonverbindung zwischen dem Unfallfahrzeug und der ACN -Leitstelle aufgebaut über die der ACN -Dispatcher die Indikation für sofortige Hilfe überprüfen und die Rettungskette wie üblich einleiten kann. ACN-Bausteine Das ACN-in-vehicle-equipment besteht aus einem Crash-Sensor, der die Kollision und die Kollisionsschwere erfasst. Darüber hinaus ist ein Global Positioning System (GPS) im Fahrzeug notwendig, welchesbei neueren Fahrzeugen mit Navigationssystem bereits im Fahrzeug integriert ist. Darüber hinaus ist ein Mobiltelephon im Fahrzeug Voraussetzung, damit die Daten an die ACN-Leitstelle übermittelt werden können.

Der Forumband erscheint jährlich zum Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. In ihm enthalten sind die wichtigsten, streng ausgewählten Arbeiten der deutschen chirurgischen Forschung, sowohl der klinischen als auch der Grundlagenforschung. Die Arbeiten werden durch streng gegliederte englische Abstracts eingeleitet.

Der therapeutische Nutzen der enteralen und parenteralen Ernährung gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Wissenschaftlich fundiert und zugleich praxisnah beschreiben renommierte Vertreter internationaler Fachgesellschaften den aktuellen Stand der Ernährungstherapie:- Grundlagen der Ernährungs- und Stoffwechselphysiologie- Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der enteralen und parenteralen Ernährung- Therapeutisches Vorgehen bei ernährungsabhängigen Krankheiten und angeborenen Stoffwechsel- und Speicherkrankheiten sowie besonderen Patientengruppen.Ein Nachschlagewerk für die tägliche Praxis, das auch bei schwierigen Fragestellungen und seltenen Erkrankungen Antworten bietet. Basierend auf den Leitlinien der Fachgesellschaften (DGEM, DGVS, DIVI, ESPEN). Für Ärzte, Ernährungswissenschaftler und Diätassistenten.

Hepatitis C Virus and Liver Transplantation is designed to provide a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of the major issues specific to the field of liver transplantation and hepatitis C virus infection. The sections of the book have been structured to review the overall scope of issues of recurrent hepatitis C in different complex settings, including retransplantation, HIV-coinfected patients or in the setting of suboptimal graft donors. This book provides up-to-date information on the application of new therapies to the field of liver transplantation. It provides the most recent data on their efficacy, the management of side effects, as well as the potential interactions and specific problems associated with their use in the transplant setting. Finally, an appraisal of the risks and benefits of using organs from anti-HCV positive donors is presented. This book provides concise and actual materials for several important topics that are simply not adequately covered by current available literature. Hepatitis C Virus and Liver Transplantation will provide a unique and valuable resource in the field of liver transplantation and will be of great value to Hepatologists, Transplant and Abdominal Surgeons, Oncologists, as well as Fellows and Residents training in these fields.​

Dieses Buch enthält die Beiträge der 48. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie zu allen relevanten Themen der Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe. Die Themen behandeln u. a. Onkologie, operative Gynäkologie, Endokrinologie, Neonatologie, Reproduktive Medizin, Psychosomatik, Urologie und Infektiologie.

Der Forumband erscheint jährlich zum Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. In ihm enthalten sind die wichtigsten, streng ausgewählten Arbeiten der deutschen chirurgischen Forschung, sowohl der klinischen als auch der Grundlagenforschung. Die Arbeiten werden durch streng gegliederte englische Abstracts eingeleitet.

Colorectal cancer has for more than two decades served as the paradigm for the multi-step concept of cancer initiation and progression. Perhaps more than any other organ site, cancer of the colon is extensively characterized at the molecular level. We are now entering a time when molecular classification, rather than histologic classification, of cancer subtypes is driving the development of clinical trials with emerging targeted therapies. The book will focus on the progression from the identification of mutations that drive colorectal cancer initiation and progression to the search for novel therapies to treat the disease.

Epigenetics is the phenomenon which fine tunes the processes associated with life, beyond that which is specified by the sequence of the genetic material; DNA. The covalent modification of DNA, DNA associated histones, several non histone proteins as well as non coding RNA coherently operate to establish the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This volume presents contributions from worldwide experts presenting their research and findings, including: the evolution of epigenetic machineries from archaea to higher eukaryotes; role of epigenetics in development and transcription regulation; epigenetic landscape of human disease; a chemical biology approach to understanding epigenetic phenomena; exploration of different small molecules as epigenetic therapies. This volume is aimed at students and researchers of chromatin biology and epigenetics and will also be of interest to a broader pharmaceutical audience.

This volume is based on the Workshop on Systems Biology of Tumor Dormancy meeting, held July 25th to July 28th, 2011. The first annual CCSB workshop brought together biologists, clinicians, mathematicians, and computer scientists to discuss various aspects of tumor dormancy and develop novel mathematical/computational models with the keynote speakers. Specific topics included the angiogenic switch, immune system interactions, cancer stem cells and signaling.

It is now widely accepted that multidisciplinary collaboration and multimodality treatment approaches are important in improving the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In this comprehensive textbook, internationally renowned experts in the field present and discuss the various strategies employed in the treatment of the disease. Up-to-date information is provided on the indications for and outcome of a range of treatment options, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization, and systemic therapy. In addition, important background information is included on biology, pathology, staging, and imaging. This book will be particularly helpful to all professionals and trainees worldwide who have an interest in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The book will discuss the molecular mechanisms of cancer diseases, stem cell proliferation and transformation into cancer cells beyond the physiological processes that occur in normal stem cell biology. Some of the key oncogenic events in cancer and their signaling pathways that regulate cell division cycle progression will be described considering prospects for using such knowledge in advanced cancer therapy. Each chapter shall provide an invaluable resource for information on the most current advances in the field, with discussion of controversial issues and areas of emerging importance

Der Forumband erscheint jährlich zum Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie. In ihm enthalten sind die wichtigsten, streng ausgewählten Arbeiten der deutschen chirurgischen Forschung, sowohl der klinischen als auch der Grundlagenforschung. Die Arbeiten werden durch strenggegliederte englische Abstracts eingeleitet.

Micro and Nano Flow Systems for Bioanalysis addresses the latest developments in biomedical engineering at very small scales. It shows how organic systems require multi-scale understanding in the broadest sensewhether the approach is experimental or mathematical, and whether the physiological state is healthy or diseased. Micro-and nano-fluidics represent key areas of translational research in which state-of-the-art engineering processes and devices are applied to bedside monitoring and treatment. By applying conventional micro- and nano-engineering to complex organic solids, fluids, and their interactions, leading researchers from throughout the world describe methods and techniques with great potential for use in medicine and clinical practice. Coverage includes the seeming plethora of new, fine-scale optical methods for measuring blood flow as well as endothelial activation and interaction with tissue. Generic areas of modeling and bioelectronics are also considered. In keeping with the recurring theme of medicine and clinical practice, approximately half of the chapters focus on the specific application of micro- and nano- flow systems to the understanding and treatment of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This book developed from an Expert Overview Session on'Micro & Nano Flows in Medicine: the way ahead'at the 3rd Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2011) held in Thessaloniki, Greece. Additional chapters were included to enhance the international, state-of-the-art coverage.

This entry in the series Pediatric Cancer offers comprehensive information on a variety of cancers, concentrating on brain tumors, the most common solid tumors and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. The contents are organized in seven sections: Neuroblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma, Rhabdoid, Sarcoma and Miscellaneous Tumors. Coverage includes pediatric medulloblastoma, and treatments including craniospinal radiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The contributors explain diagnosis and chemotherapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and diagnosis of bone marrow involvement in pediatric lymphoma patients. Ewing's sarcoma, a highly malignant connective tissue neoplasm formed by the proliferation of mesenchymal cells, receives extensive coverage, including targeting of molecular pathways and chemotherapy and surgical treatment. The roles of apoptotic genes, MYCN gene, MDM2, and SNP309, P13K inhibitors, alternative splicing and microRNAs, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule and inhibition by alu-like RNA in neuroblastoma are discussed in detail.The book explores the molecular genetics, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT). Among the most common malignant neoplasms in children, AT/RT exhibits similarities with other CNS tumors, which can lead to misclassification, as pointed out in the book. The contributors discuss diagnosis of AT/RT type using imaging technology, and describe new strategies, including intensive multimodal therapy and high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation that have shown improved outcomes. Coverage of therapies includes total resection followed by aggressive chemotherapy and radiation. Discussion includes diagnosis and treatment of other pediatric tumors including adrenocorticaltumors, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, giant midline tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, ependymomas and intramedullary cavernoma. Pediatric Cancer: Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis, Volume 4 includes contributions by ninety-one contributors - oncologists, neurosurgeons, physicians, research scientists and pathologists - representing thirteen countries. The editor, M.A. Hayat, is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA.

Sphingolipids are lipid components of the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells with an important function in signaling mechanisms in the cell. This book provides insight into the physiological and pathophysiological role of sphingolipids and in particular its derivative ceramide. The function of Sphingolipids in cell signaling with regard to infectious and lung diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders are described and treated in distinct parts. Together with Volume 215 from the same Editors, the collection represents a unique, comprehensive work on Sphingolipids, providing information on both: Sphingolipid basic biology as well as its important function in a (patho)physiological context. The book is written for scientists in pharmacology, biochemistry and cell biology with a focus on biomedical research as well as for clinicians in pharmacology, oncology, cardiology, neurology and infectious disease. ​

147 sorgfältig ausgewählte Arbeiten zeigen das breite Spektrum der deutschsprachigen chirurgischen Forschung auf. Sowohl klinische als auch Grundlagenforschung sind berücksichtigt. Der hochaktuelle Band erscheint noch vor der Präsentation der Ergebnisse bei der 121. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie.

Pancreatic cancer is a formidable disease, and advances in early detection and improved therapeutics have been slow to come forth. With new advances in molecular genetics in the field of pancreatic tumorigenesis, it is an opportune time to use these recent discoveries to enhance our understanding of pancreatic cancer biology and to improve outcomes in patients. In this volume, leading experts in the field shed light on these findings describing the mutational landscape of pancreatic cancer, including new inroads into our understanding of familial pancreatic cancer, epidemiology, the biology of K-ras signaling, and the emerging contribution of epigenetic alterations to disease initiation and progression. The distinctive pancreatic cancer-stroma ecosystem as determined by the dynamic interplay of inflammation, hallmark mutations, EMT, and cancer stem cells is described, and implications of these interactions in the context of development of novel, personalized therapeutic options are explored.

This fresh addition to the rapidly expanding Springer series on stem cells represents an additional forward step in our understanding of the causes, diagnosis, and cell-related therapies of major human diseases as well as debilitating injuries to human tissue and organs. Showcasing the work of more than 80 contributors from 13 nations, it offers an unrivalled breadth of differing perspectives on the subject, with dedicated sections covering umbilical cord, induced pluripotent, embryonic, and hematopoietic stem cells, in addition to stem cells in tumors and cancer, and the applications of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Enhanced by numerous color illustrations and tables that provide graphic clarification and summaries of key results, the volume succeeds in bringing together research results from oncologists, neurosurgeons, physicians, research scientists, and pathologists, whose accumulated wealth of practical experience will inform and inspire further developments in the vital and urgent work of cancer diagnosis, cure, and prevention.

This book was conceived from a simple question as to why cancer is so difficult to treat. Ultimately we want to find ways to cure cancers, but that may be an elusive dream at least with the technologies we have now and expect to have in the near future. This leads the question of whether it is possible to improve current cancer treatment methods, especially from the perspective of enhancing targeted drug delivery to tumors. This volume is designed to provide information related to the difficulties in treating cancers through targeted drug delivery, our current understanding of cancer biology, and potential technologies that might be used to achieve enhanced drug delivery to tumors. An ideal drug delivery system for treating cancers would maximize the therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects in clinical applications. The seemingly improved anticancer efficacy of the current nanoparticle-based formulations needs to be viewed from the context of very poor success rates for translation to human applications. The results of in vitro cell culture models and small animal in vivo experiments have not been extrapolated to clinical applications. Finding the reasons for the lack of successful translation is required if we are to discover approaches to substantially extend the survival time of cancer patients, and hopefully identify cures. Cancer Targeted Drug Delivery: Elusive Dream describes some answers of achieving the so far elusive dream of treating cancers like other chronic diseases with therapies that focus using improved drug delivery systems designed to better align with the unique biological and physiological properties of cancer.

The refined pathophysiologal understanding of the heart failure syndrome together with the surge of new technological advances led to innovative medical and interventional treatment strategies improving the outcome of heart failure patients. However the complex interplay between the clinical presentation and the array of the interventions requires a coordinated multidisciplinary “heart team” approach involving various specialists in the cardiovascular field including clinicians, interventionalists, surgeons and cardiac intensivists. In this book, opinion leaders will review of state-of-the-art management of heart failure with particular emphasis on burning clinical questions and challenges faced by the heart team. New medical and interventional therapies for chronic and acute heart failure are addressed by bridging bench to bedside translation in science and technology into practical clinical application and guidance.

Cell-free protein synthesis is coming of age! Motivated by an escalating need for efficient protein synthesis and empowered by readily accessible cell-free protein synthesis kits, the technology is expanding both in the range of feasible proteins and in the ways that proteins can be labeled and modified. This volume follows'Cell-Free Translation Systems', edited by Professor Alexander S. Spirin in 2002. Since then, an impressive collection of new work has emerged that demonstrates a substantial expansion of capability. In this volume, we show that proteins now can be efficiently produced using PCR products as DNA templates and that even membrane proteins and proteins with multiple disulfide proteins are obtained at high yields. Many additional advances are also presented. It is an exciting time for protein synthesis technology.

Henipaviruses form a new genus of emerging paramyxoviruses that are the deadliest human pathogens within the Paramyxoviridae family. This volume deals with the many facets of henipavirus biology, and covers our current understanding regarding the ecology, molecular virology, and pathogenesis of henipavirus infections. It is an international effort written by a multidisciplinary panel of experts at the front lines of research into this lethal emerging group of paramyxoviruses. The first section introduces the epidemiology and ecology of Nipah and Hendra viruses in their respective endemic areas, including a first-hand account of the discovery of Nipah virus during its initial outbreak in Malaysia; the next section documents the molecular virology of henipaviruses, and the substantial advances made towards understanding the unique features of henipavirus entry and tropism; and this is followed by accounts of the clinical and pathologic features of henipavirus infectionsin their human and naturally infected animal hosts. The next sections on pathogenesis provide a comprehensive reference on how henipaviruses counteract the innate immune system, and the relevant pathogenic features in animal challenge models developed to test potential therapeutic strategies. The final sections describe our current and future capabilities for diagnosis and control, including an account of potentially effective immunization strategies that are currently being tested. This book will not only serve as a useful reference for the henipavirus field; it will be useful to basic and animal virologists, ecologists, epidemiologists, physicians, and others interested in emerging infectious viral diseases, as it showcases the multidisciplinary efforts required to understand the genesis, spread and hopefully, control, of a group of lethal emerging zoonotic pathogens.

The most recent developments in diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Gliomas (glioblastoma) in the brain are presented. The importance of personalized medicine and clinical validation for targeted therapy are discussed. The identification of various types of biomarkers (determined by molecular genetics) is included, along with their advantages and limitations as markers in tumor detection and diagnosis. The identification and validation of brain cancer (glioblastoma) genes are discussed. The role of cancer stem cells in the initiation and persistence of malignant gliomas is explained; response of glioblastoma cancer stem cells to various growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor, is explained. The use of surgical resection, chemotherapy (e.g., temozolomide), immunotherapy, and radiation therapy for glioblastoma patients is included. Biological impediments for chemotherapy and radiotherapy for malignant glioblastoma are pointed out. Standard (established) as well as newer imaging modalities (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) are discussed. Also included are proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in intracranial gliomas, and the use of proton magnetic spectroscopic imaging in determining the infiltration zone in gliomas. The role of molecular signaling in the CNS cancer development is explained, including cell death signaling in glioblastoma multiforme. The most recent developments in diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of Gliomas (glioblastoma) in the brain are presented. The importance of personalized medicine and clinical validation for targeted therapy are discussed. The identification of various types of biomarkers (determined by molecular genetics) is included, along with their advantages and limitations as markers in tumor detection and diagnosis. The identification and validation of brain cancer (glioblastoma) genes are discussed. The role of cancer stemcells in the initiation and persistence of malignant gliomas is explained; response of glioblastoma cancer stem cells to various growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor, is explained. The use of surgical resection, chemotherapy (e.g., temozolomide), immunotherapy, and radiation therapy for glioblastoma patients is included. Biological impediments for chemotherapy and radiotherapy for malignant glioblastoma are pointed out. Standard (established) as well as newer imaging modalities (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) are discussed. Also included are proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in intracranial gliomas, and the use of proton magnetic spectroscopic imaging in determining the infiltration zone in gliomas. The role of molecular signaling in the CNS cancer development is explained, including cell death signaling in glioblastoma multiforme.

Organ transplantation has been the most important therapeutic advance in the last third of the 20th century. Its development has revolutionized medicine, as demonstrated by the fact that a large number of researchers in this field have been awarded Nobel Prizes. In the beginning of this century, we are witnessing with great expectations the emergence of a new field of medicine related to the arrival of a new player on the scene: “stem cells” and their potential use in regenerative medicine. This volume aims to cover important aspects of the various facets of organ transplantation and regenerative medicine, with leading specialists in these fields setting out their vision. We try to rigorously explain current and novel scientific research in these fields—areas which arouse great interest from society in general, due to their potential use in modern medicine for the treatment of a great number of diseases.

From somewhat enigmatic beginnings 40 years ago, guanylate cyclase research has emerged to occupy a position of prominence in the study of signal transduction. Guanylate cyclase has several intriguing features, including existence in two major forms, membrane and soluble, each independently regulated by distinct mechanisms. The membrane form gives rise to a fascinating signal transduction story important to both peptide hormones and sensory neurons. This volume covers the evolution of the field, peptide hormone receptor work, membrane guanylate cycles, related retinal diseases, and the biochemistry and physiology of the soluble form. The 16 chapters are written by leaders in the field.

Phosphoinositides play a major role in cellular signaling and membrane organization. During the last three decades we have learned that enzymes turning over phosphoinositides control vital physiological processes and are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic disease and more. In two volumes, this book elucidates the crucial mechanisms that control the dynamics of phosphoinositide conversion. Starting out from phosphatidylinositol, a chain of lipid kinases collaborates to generate the oncogenic lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate. For every phosphate group added, there are specific lipid kinases – and phosphatases to remove it. Additionally, phospholipases can cleave off the inositol head group and generate poly-phosphoinositols, which act as soluble signals in the cytosol. Volume I untangles the web of these enzymes and their products, and relates them to function in health and disease. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases and 3-phosphatases have received a special focus in volume I, and recent therapeutic developments in human disease are presented along with a historical perspective illustrating the impressive progress in the field.

It is pointed out that a cancer stem cell is a type within a tumor that possesses the capacity of self-renewal and can give rise to the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells, which comprise the tumor. It is emphasized that a unique feature of cancer stem cells is that, although conventional chemotherapy kills most cells in a tumor, cancer stem cells remain intact. Vast applications of the following specific stem cells in disease and tissue injury are discussed: embryonic stem cells, human mesenchymal stem cells, cancer stem cells, arterial stem cells, neural stem cells, cardiac stem cells, dental stem cells, limbal stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. Because human embryonic stem cells possess the potential to produce unlimited quantities of any human cell type, considerable focus is placed on their therapeutic potential in this volume. These cells are used in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, pharmacological and toxicological studies, and fundamental studies of cell differentiation. It is pointed out that the formation of embryoid bodies, which are three-dimensional aggregates of embryonic cells, is the initial step in the differentiation of these cells. Therapeutic implications of signalling pathways in cancer stem cells are pointed out. Targeting self-renewal pathways in cancer stem cells are also included. Application of mesenchymal stem cells for treating ischemic brain injury is explained. Neural stem cells proliferation into the surrounding area of the traumatic brain injury is explained.

In recent years, cancer stem cells have been recognized as important component in carcinogenesis and they seem to form the basis of many (if not all) tumor types. Cancer stem cells or'cancer cell like stem cells'have been isolated from various cancers of different origin (blood, breast, brain, skin, head and neck, thyroid, cervix, lung, retina, colon, pancreas and so on). Cancer stem cells - rare cells with indefinite proliferative potential that drive the formation and growth of tumours- seem to show intriguing relationships with physiological stem cells. Specifically, these cancer cells show significant similarities in the mechanisms that regulate self-renewal of normal stem cells. Moreover, tumour cells might directly arise from normal stem cells. Further, the cellular biology of cancer stem cells show a lot of similarities with normal stem cells.

This volume'Angiogenesis in Brain Tumors'is part of the book series'Cancer Treatment and Research'and offers a detailed overview of the biology of angiogenesis in the central nervous system, the role of angiogenesis in brain tumor development and growth, and anti-angiogenic therapeutic applications. Our understanding of the mutual relationship between tumor growth and concomitant neovascularization has provided important insights into the biology of brain tumors and contributed to the development of new treatment strategies. Many of the early experimental findings on angiogenesis were made using brain tumor models. This was largely due to the fact that brain tumors are among the highest vascularized tumors. In addition, until to date all efforts to develop efficient therapies for these highly malignant tumors have met with little if any success. The scientific evidence on the role of angiogenesis in tumor development accumulated until today has already let to the initiation of several clinical trials. Despite the fact that not all expectations have been fulfilled, the results available so far are promising and suggest that anti­ angiogenic therapeutic strategies may be of benefit to our brain tumor patients in the near future. The volume is comprised of four sections. The first section is dedicated to the principles of angiogenesis in the central nervous system and gives an overview on the cellular, physiological and developmental processes of angiogenesis.