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The well-being of primary care clinicians represents an area of increasing interest amid concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated already high prevalence rates of clinician burnout. This retrospective cohort study was designed to identify demographic, clinical, and work-specific factors that may have contributed to newly acquired burnout after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. An anonymous web-based questionnaire distributed in August 2020 to New York State (NYS) primary care clinicians, via email outreach and newsletters, produced 1,499 NYS primary care clinician survey respondents. Burnout assessment was measured pre-pandemic and early in the pandemic using a validated single-item question with a 5-point scale ranging from (1) enjoy work to (5) completely burned out. Demographic and work factors were assessed via the self-reporting questionnaire. Thirty percent of 1,499 survey respondents reported newly acquired burnout during the early pandemic period. This was more often reported by clinicians who were women, were younger than 56 years old, had adult dependents, practiced in New York City, had dual roles (patient care and administration), and were employees. Lack of control in the workplace prior to the pandemic was predictive of burnout early in the pandemic, while work control changes experienced following the pandemic were associated with newly acquired burnout. Low response rate and potential recall bias represent limitations. These findings demonstrate that reporting of burnout increased among primary care clinicians during the pandemic, partially due to varied and numerous work environment and systemic factors., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)