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While 3D displays are entering hospitals, no study to-date has explored the impact of binocular disparity and 3D inclination on contrast sensitivity function (CSF) of humans. However, knowledge of the CSF is crucial to properly calibrate medical, especially diagnostic, displays. This study examined the impact of two parameters on the CSF: (1) the depth plane position (0 mm or 171 mm behind the display plane, respectively DP:0 or DP:171), and (2) the 3D inclination (0° or 45° around the horizontal axis of the considered DP), each of these for seven spatial frequencies ranging from 0.4 to 10 cycles per degree (cpd). The stimuli were computer-generated stereoscopic images of a vertically oriented 2D Gabor patch with a given frequency. They were displayed on a 24” full HD stereoscopic display using a patterned retarder. Nine human observers assessed the CSF in a 3-down 1-up staircase experiment. Medians of the measured contrast sensitivities and results of Friedman tests suggest that the 2D CSF as modeled by Barten1 still holds when a 3D display is used as a 2D visualization system (DP:0). However, the 3D CSF measured at DP:171 was found different from the 2D CSF at frequencies below 1 cpd and above 10 cpd. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

Present paper describes new method for eliminating depth plane curvature stereoscopic distortion by depicting each of two perspective images on separate flat screen with these two screens intersecting at certain angle.

Recently, a floating display system based on integral imaging (InIm) was proposed. Though the floating display system based on InIm can provide moving picture with great feel of depth to the observer, it has limited expressible depth range because the expressible depth range of InIm is limited. In this paper, the expressible depth range of the floating display system based on InIm is analyzed based on the analysis on the expressible depth range of the InIm. Also, a depth-enhanced floating display system based on InIm is proposed. In the proposed depth-enhanced floating display system based on InIm, the lens array of the InIm is placed at the focal plane of the floating lens. Additionally, the seams on the lens array become less distinct since they are also placed at the focal plane of the floating lens. However, the size of the object changes when the object is out of the overall central depth plane. Thus, the size of objects in elemental image should be rescaled to display correct three-dimensional image.

Integral imaging attracts much attention as an autostereoscopic three-dimensional display technique for its many advantages. However, the disadvantage of integral imaging is that the expressible depth of three-dimensional image is limited and the image can be displayed only around the central depth plane. This paper proposes a depth- enhanced integral imaging with multiple central depth planes using multilayered display devices. Transparent display devices using liquid crystal are located in parallel to each other and incorporated into an integral imaging system in place of a conventional display device. As a result, the proposed method has multiple central depth planes and permits the limitation of expressible depth to be overcome. The principle of the proposed method is explained, and some experimental results are presented.

Recently, integral imaging attracted a lot of researchers as one powerful candidate for the three-dimensional display. However the limitation on the image depth of integral imaging is considered as the major obstacle for the practical use. Previously, a number of researches reported on the analysis of such limitation based on the diffraction of light. But there exists the severe mismatch between the experimental results and the simulation results that appear in the previous researches. In this paper, we propose a new assumption that exactly predicts the experimental results. Based on that new assumption, we propose the quantitative method to evaluate the image depth of integral imaging. We also propose the elemental image correction scheme that removes the distortion of the integrated image located out of the central depth plane.

A novel scanner 3D display with special hologram transparent is proposed. 3D scene volumetric description with irregular depth coordinate is used in this system. This approach decrease sharply demands for the information flow of dynamic 3D scene describing. The hologram transparent consists on 3K layers, where every layer corresponds to resoluted 3D scene depth plane and R, G, B colors. Every hologram layer maintains only one hologram.

The efficacy of using point source lights to measure depth perception under remote view is evaluated. A Howard-Dolman type apparatus in which the depth plane is represented by either traditional rods or by point source lights is used. Ten operators, half viewing rods and half viewing lights, were asked to give depth scaling and stereoacuity judgments under four display conditions: (1) 2-D static, (2) 2-D motion parallax, (3) 3-D static, (4) 3-D motion parallax. The pattern of both stereoacuity and depth scaling responses was similar for rods and lights across the four conditions. Stereoacuity was significantly improved under 3-D as compared to 2-D view and under motion parallax as compared to static view for both lights and rods. When viewing lights but not rods a combination of motion parallax with disparity cues produced further improvements in stereoacuity. This pattern of results was similar for depth scaling, but differences were not significant. The accuracy of both stereoacuity and depth scaling judgments decreased when point source lights, as compared to rods, were viewed. These results show that point source lights produce valid measures of depth perception and contain fewer non-disparity cues than traditional Howard-Dolman rods.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Two experiments are described which examine the effect of distance in the depth plane, as defined operationally by binocular disparity, on focused and divided attention. In both experiments, disparity was manipulated with a Tektronix stereoscopic 3D display system. In Experiment 1 (focused attention), 10 subjects classified letter stimuli presented at zero disparity. The targets were surrounded, either vertically or horizontally, by two irrelevant stimuli. The distractors were presented at 7 different depth planes relative to the target (i.e., 3 in front, 3 behind, and 1 at the same depth). The distractors showed evidence of being processed when at the same depth plane as the central relevant stimulus, but diminished processing when presented at different depth planes. This pattern of data provides evidence for a fairly "narrow" attentional bandwidth in depth, for focused attention. In Experiment 2 (divided attention), 8 subjects performed a one-axis pursuit tracking task at 0 disparity, while concurrently responding to stimuli presented immediately below, and at 5different depth planes (1 at the same disparity as the tracking task, 2 in front of, and 2 behind the tracking display). While there was considerable interference between the two tasks, there was no evidence that this interference was modulated by similarity of depth when the depth plane of stimulus presentation was known in advance (i.e., was "blocked"). These results suggest that in divided attention, where stimulus location is known in advance, the attentional bandwidth in depth is sufficiently broad to accommodate the same range of depth planes over which filtering had been observed in focused attention. When however the depth plane was randomized and unpredictable, evidence for a depth gradient of divided attention was found. The results are discussed in terms of attentional theory and the usefulness of stereoscopic displays.