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Significant incidence of chronic urogenital diseases, both of viral and bacterial origin in women of reproductive age leads to an increase in the frequency of intrauterine infections. These disorders lead to disturbances of postnatal adaptation of newborns and increased numbers of infectious complications. In order to assess the state of immune system, we examined forty-eight children born to women with urogenital infection, including twenty-nine infants with complicated course of early adaptation period (study group) and twenty children diagnosed as healthy upon discharge by the day 3 to 5 after birth (comparison group). By means of flow cytometry, the following subpopulations were assayed in cord blood: CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, CD3CD16+CD56+ cells, expression levels of markers specific to activated monocytes CD14 (HLA-DR), and lymphocytes (CD25+, CD69+), like as markers of functionally mature cells (CD45R0, CD45RA), both in total lymphocyte pool and among T cell populations. Contents of IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 were assessed by ELISA technique. Our studies have shown that umbilical cord blood samples from the main group of newborns showed a statistically significant decrease in relative content of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+CD25+ cells, along with increase in the absolute numbers of leukocytes and lymphocytes, B-cells and NK cells, as well as expression of CD45RO+, CD45RA+ and CD3+CD45RO+ receptors, CD69+ and CD14+HLADR+ activation markers, accompanied by a significant increase of IL-8 production. Numerical determination of CD45RO+, CD3+CD45RO+, CD69+ and CD14+HLA-DR+ cells, and IL-8 contents in newborns, may serve as prognostic criteria for assignment of risk group for early adaptation disturbances and development of infectious diseases.

Development of adequate models in laboratory animals is highly important to detect etiological links between urogenital tract pathology and chlamydia, mycoplasma and ureaplasma bacteria. These model systems can be very useful to find solutions in combating with urogenital tract diseases. One of the obligatory conditions to use monkeys in development of experimental models of infectious and somatic human diseases is knowledge of spontaneous pathology in primates. The present study has shown high frequency of urogenital infections bacteria in the urogenital tract of healthy and sick monkeys.

The present day there is no universally accepted algorithm for the application of PCR for the diagnostics of urogenital infections and interpretation of results. At the same time, the application of PCR for diagnostics of infection by opportunistic such pathogens as M. hominis, U. parvum can make the antibiotictherapy to be unnecessary.

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are involved into innate immune recognition of microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this work is to assess relative levels of TLR2 and TLR9 expression in cervical epithelial cells of women with inflammatory diseases of pelvic organs. The total group of patients consisted of 47 persons, including 20 women with urogenital infections, and 27 women comprised a control group. Using real-time PCR, we identified the opportunistic pathogens and gene expression levels of TLR2, TLR9 in the cervix epithelial cells. It was shown that expression of TLR9 in the group with urogenital infections was 13.7-fold higher than in control group. We have revealed that a significant increase of TLR9 expression in the mucosal epithelium from cervical canal correlated with detection of infectious pathogens in the samples.