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Tailgut cyst is a rare congenital cyst occurring in the retrorectal space and development of neoplastic lesions in tailgut cyst has been reported. Due to the rarity of the tumor, the histogenesis of neoplastic lesions in tailgut cyst has remained elusive. In the present study, the clinicopathological features of tailgut cyst were analyzed with a particular focus on the development of neoplastic lesions. The clinicopathological features of four patients with tailgut cyst (one female and three males) were retrospectively reviewed. No symptoms were present in two patients. Perineal discomfort, and constipation and urinary retention, were described in the other two patients, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the cystic lesions were hypointense on T1- and hyperintense on T2-weigted images in all patients. Histopathological analysis revealed that all lesions were multilocular, and cystic walls were covered by squamous and ciliated epithelia without nuclear atypia. The development of neoplastic lesions was noted in two patients. Dysplastic change composed of piling-up proliferation of glandular cells with mild to moderate nuclear atypia was present in one patient, and invasive adenocarcinoma with a dysplasia component was observed in another patient. Dysplasia of the glandular cells, as seen in two patients in the present series, may be a precursor lesion of invasive adenocarcinoma; therefore, adenocarcinoma arsing in tailgut cyst may show a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. While the reported incidence of neoplastic lesions in tailgut cysts is ~9% or less, their frequency remains to be accurately determined. Therefore, complete surgical resection is important for the management of patients with tailgut cyst. Additional clinicopathological and molecular studies with large cohorts may be required to clarify the histogenesis of neoplastic lesion in tailgut cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been well recognized that the tumor microenvironment serves important roles in the progression and invasion of cancer. The desmoplastic reaction (DR) is a fibrous tissue reaction around tumor cells, and the prognostic significance of DR in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been established. Tumor deposits (TD) are also an important prognostic indicator of CRC. Notably, immature type DR has been linked to poor prognosis. In addition, immature type DR is significantly associated with a higher pT stage, presence of lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis; however, to the best of our knowledge, the association between DR and TD has not yet been examined. The present study aimed to clarify this association. This study included 443 consecutive patients with pT3 or pT4 CRC who underwent surgical resection. The histopathological features, including DR and TD, were evaluated. Statistical analyses of the presence of TD, DR and other clinicopathological parameters were performed. The present cohort included 205 female and 238 male patients; 293 (66.1%) and 150 (33.9%) patients were classified as pT3 and pT4, respectively. Immature, intermediate and mature DR were noted in 282 (63.7%), 91 (20.5%) and 70 patients (15.8%), respectively. TD was observed in 93 (21.0%) patients. Immature type DR was significantly associated with a higher pT stage (P<0.0001), presence of lymph node metastasis (P<0.0001), lymphatic (P=0.0007), venous (P<0.0001) and perineural invasion (P<0.0001), and higher tumor budding (TB) (P<0.0001). Moreover, immature type DR was significantly associated with the presence of TD (P<0.0001). The present study demonstrated a significant association between immature type DR and the presence of TD, and suggested a close relationship between lymphovascular invasion, DR, TB and TD. Additional studies are required to analyze the detailed mechanism underlying the development of immature DR in CRC to define novel treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]