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In the present study, the key genes and biological functions associated with insulin resistance were investigated by comparing the gene expression profiles of adipose tissue obtained from insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant patients. The gene expression data set GSE20950 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus, including 39 adipose tissue samples obtained from insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Adipose samples were divided into two groups (the insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant groups) and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out with packages of R. The interactions among DEGs were retrieved with Osprey and functional enrichment analysis was performed with the WebGestalt system. Information regarding the interaction network and enriched biological functions was combined to construct a functional interaction network. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was then conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A total of 170 DEGs were detected in the insulin-sensitive group, 8 downregulated and 162 upregulated. Response to glucose stimulus was the most significantly over-represented functional term. The focal adhesion pathway was identified to be significant in the genes of the functional interaction network. The present study revealed key biological functions and DEGs in adipose tissues associated with insulin resistance, which may facilitate the development of novel therapies for insulin resistance and diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]