1. Modeling of sea-level rise and deforestation in submerging coastal Ultisols of Chesapeake Bay
- Author
-
Hussein, A.H.
- Subjects
Sea level -- Models ,Sea level -- Natural history ,Deforestation -- United States ,Deforestation -- Models ,Deforestation -- Natural history ,Forest soils -- Properties ,Forest soils -- Models ,Forest soils -- Natural history ,Climatic changes -- Research ,Earth sciences - Abstract
Global warming and the predicted adverse environmental implications in coastal areas have prompted the use of a quantitative pedological approach to model the history of relative sea-level rise and the subsequent lateral migration of marshes (deforestation) during the pedogenic transformation of Ultisols (forest soils) to Histosols (marsh soils). The modeling was based on the transgressing soil-landscape concept and data collected from sampling units along two marsh transects in Dorchester County, Maryland. In low-relief submerging environments, coastal marshes accrete vertically and migrate laterally over adjacent Ultisols to keep pace with sea-level rise. The marsh substrate is organic in nature overlying what once were upland forest soils. The history of relative sea-level rise was a two-step linear function illustrating acceleration in the last two centuries. During the last l50 yr, the [sup.210]pb-based rate of relative sea-level rise averaged 2.4 [+ or -] 0.7 mm [yr.sup.-1]. Before the last few hundred years, the long-term [sup.14]C-based rate of relative sea-level rise was 0.82 [+ or -] 0.15 mm [yr.sup.-1]. The rate of lateral migration of coastal marshes (deforestation) showed similar acceleration following the history of relative sea-level rise. During the last 150 yr, the average rate of lateral migration of marshes (deforestation) ranged from 3.51 [+ or -] 2.0 to 6.78 [+ or -] 7.4 m [yr.sup.-1]. Before the last l50 yr, the average long-term rate of lateral migration of marshes (deforestation) ranged between 0.18 [+ or -] 0.07 and 1.27 [+ or -] 1.2 m [yr.sup.-1]. Within a given region where sea-level rise and tidal range remain constant, the rate of lateral migration of marshes is a function of site characteristics and the slope of the adjacent uplands. The predicted rate of lateral migration of marshes in the next century ranges from 3.2 to 33 m [yr.sup.-1], averaging 14 [+ or -] 11 m [yr.sup.-1]. Assuming that the present rate of relative sea-level rise remains constant, the time needed to complete the pedogenic transformation of Ultisols to Histosols is 180 [+ or -] 35 yr. The most conservative future scenario of sea-level rise has reduced this time by 63%. The projected sequestration of C, total N, and pyrite in the newly formed coastal marshes during the next 100 yr average 231 [+ or -] 124, 11.7 [+ or -] 6.30, and 6.63 [+ or -] 3.57 Mg [ha.sup.-1], respectively. These projections are half the nutrient sequestration potential of existing coastal marshes.
- Published
- 2009