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The process of optimizing energy production is becoming increasingly important with the development and use of RES and energy efficiency measures. Given that these are optimization processes that require taking into account several indicators according to which the set of optimal technologies for energy production will be ranked, and take their percentage share in the total percentage of energy supply. Indicators describing the process of energy production and utilization include technological, environmental, economic, energy, and limiting domains of their application. From that aspect, when the energy supply process is optimized from several possible alternatives according to the optimization factors defined in this way and the percentage of participation from each is calculated, a very realistic picture of the optimal energy mix of a state or local community is obtained. In this paper, a comparison of the energy mix for Copenhagen, Denmark and Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina is made. The process of comparing energy mixes was made possible by a previously developed mathematical model for optimizing and searching for an optimal energy mix based on the compromise ranking method, also known as the VIKOR, as well as entropy and analytic hierarchy process methods for defining weight values of criteria describing energy mix. Since we know that the introduction of new RES and the replacement of fossil fuels with them is a process of transition of existing energy sectors, the approach presented in this paper would greatly facilitate the transition process itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of efficient technologies, renovation of buildings and construction of new passive buildings, replacement of coal, natural gas, and nuclear power plants with "clean" technologies such as photovoltaics and wind, transition to 4-D in industry, and electrification are parts of the objectives set out in the Green Deal of the EU. The Green Deal foresees a transformation to a "green" economy while maintaining economic growth, as well as creating new "green" jobs. To meet these goals, each country needs to develop its own strategic documents that will guide the transition, taking into account its own specific conditions, the current state of the energy sector as well as geographical location. This paper aims to present a vision for the energy transition of a developing country, a member of the Energy Community, and a country that expects to join the EU. The vision of the development of the energy system of North Macedonia foresees a transformation from a system based on fossil fuels, where the share of RES in the gross final energy consumption is about 18%, to a 43% share of RES in 2040, while maintaining import dependence at the current level and guaranteeing the security of energy supply. For exploring the way and the pace at which such a vision can be achieved it is necessary to develop different models and simulations, including different technologies on the generation and consumption side. Such alternatives, packaged in different scenarios, allow policymakers to assess the effects of taking certain actions and the direction in which such decisions will lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]