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The article focuses on research published in the September 25, 2015 issue of "Science Advances" on the use of digital technology and computed tomography scans to reconstruct the ear anatomies of partial skulls of Australopithecus africanus and Paranthropus robustus and determined they could detect high-frequency consonant sounds.

The article presents images of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the extinct hominid species Paranthropus boisei by three-dimensional designer Cicero Moraes.

Deals with the Paranthropus robustus fossils excavated by anthropologist C.K. Brain from Swartkrans soil in South Africa from 1979 to 1983. P. robustus as dead line of hominids that may have made and used tools before the direct ancestors of humans; Further findings of anthropologist Randall L. Susman.

The article discusses a study that appeared in the June 2, 2011 issue of the journal "Nature" by anthropologist Sandi Copeland and colleagues of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany measuring a chemical marker of childhood diets in teeth from the hominid lineages Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus africanus. Results suggest that adult females in both hominid lineages left their birth groups following sexual maturity.

The article cites a study by archaeologist Nikolaas van der Merwe of the University of Cape Town in South Africa and his colleagues that was published in the May 2, 2011 online issue of the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" which revealed an ancient hominid, called the Nutcracker Man (Paranthropus boisei), ate mostly grasses and sedges instead of nuts.

This article is about a prehistoric species in a branch of human evolution called Paranthropus boisei that had large teeth. A study done by Peter Unger at the University of Arkansas showed that the teeth were used for chewing vegetables, not meat as previously thought. Scientists believe that P. Bosei, called Nutcracker Man, evolved his teeth in order to eat quickly.

Discusses research being done on the food preference of genus Homo and Paranthropus. Reference to a study by Bernard Wood and David Strait published in the February 2004 issue of "Journal of Human Evolution"; Difference between the food preference of Homo and Paranthropus; Number of Paranthropus species that evolved over a 2 million year span.

Reports on the evolutionary scenario for australopithecines. Designation of its own genus, Paranthropus; The use of cladistics; Suggestion from Melanie A. McCollum that the scenario is misleading; Use of developmental biology data documenting primate skull changes that occur during growth of the brain, the nasal airway, and the mouth; McCollum's report published in the April 9, 1999 `Science.'

Presents an analysis of fossilized hand bones of Paranthropus, a group of hominids, recovered from South Africa. Capability of making and using tools; Identification of complete radius; Comparison with the human hand.

Examines the keystone-shaped pattern on the skull of Paranthropus discovered in Ethiopia to distinguished the heritage of hominoids and humans. Variations in facial structure; Display of confusing similarities in the nasal bone structure; Pattern of sutures inside the skull.

Summarizes a report in the September 9, 1994 issue of `Science' which suggests that a small bone in the hand is a clue to which hominids possessed hands capable of making stone tools. Views of anthropologist Randall L. Susman; Discussion of Paranthropus; Views of anthropologist Leslie C. Aiello.