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This essay examines the challenges faced by government experts in thought crimes as they attempted to combat radicalized nationalist organizations during the 1930s. The established system of containing subversive political movements, organized around the Peace Preservation Law (1925), was built on the premise that challenges to the government would come from the ideological left. The fact that activists were now attacking political and financial leaders in the name of patriotism presented ideological and procedural difficulties and reveals a destabilization in the discourse of nationalism enabled by the advent of patriotic terrorism that threatened the state's monopoly over the mantra of nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current historiography recognizes that modern Japanese cuisine is an expression of national identity and traces its origin to tea cuisine (kaiseki) said to have been perfected by Sen no Rikyū (1522-91). Yet, Rikyū's contributions to the development of kaiseki are not substantiated in the historical records. This article aims to clarify the role of Rikyū in the development of tea cuisine and to call for a broader investigation of the history of tea cuisine to consider more diffuse and diverse practices involving multiple actors over time rather than attribute foundational principles in national culture to individual genius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines gender symbolism in competing representations of nationalism in Japan. Analysis of images of masculinity; Threat of the feminization of culture; Responses of opposing representations of masculinity to the problem of modernity.

Examines ethnic nationalism and romanticism in early 20th-century Japan. Evolution of ethnicity and nationalism in the political discourse of the era; Reconciliation of ethnic nation and state.