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ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Implement a constructivist approach in thoracic drainage training in surgical ex vivo pig models, to compare the acquisition of homogeneous surgical skills between medical students. METHODS: Experimental study, prospective, transversal, analytical, controlled, three steps. Selection, training, evaluation. Inclusion criteria: a) students without training in thoracic drainage; b) without exposure to constructivist methodology. 2) Exclusion criteria: a) students developed surgical skills; b) a history of allergy. (N = 312). Two groups participated in the study: A and B. Lecture equal for both groups. Differentiated teaching: group A, descriptive and informative method; group B, learning method based on problems. A surgical ex vivo pig model for training the chest drain was created. Were applied pre and post-test, test goal-discursive and OSATS scale. RESULTS: Theoretical averages: Group A = 9.5 ± 0.5; Group B = 8.8 ± 1.1 (p = 0.006). Medium Practices: Group A = 22.8 ± 1.8; Group B = 23.0 ± 2.8 (p

OBJETIVO: A implantação de eletrodos intra-abdominais para captura de sinais de onda elétrica constitui instrumento de estudo da atividade mioelétrica do tubo gastrointestinal. O deslocamento destes eletrodos do local de implantação ocorre com certa freqüência em animais de experimentação não anestesiados, devido aos movimentos da musculatura diafragmática, abdominal, do peristaltismo gastrintestinal e sobretudo aos hábitos inerentes à espécie de animal estudada, particularmente presentes em caninos. No referido estudo foi proposto um procedimento que proporciona estabilidade ao referido sistema utilizando-se recursos simples e de custos irrelevantes. MÉTODOS: Os autores apresentam através de diagramas e fotos um sistema de ancoração dos eletrodos elétricos na pele dos animais com botões. RESULTADOS: Foram realizados 5 experimentos, fixando-se em cada animal 3 eletrodos bipolares. Os animais foram mantidos em repouso até a completa recuperação do íleo paralítico. Não foi identificado nos animais estudados nenhuma migração dos eletrodos. CONCLUSÃO: O procedimento proposto é eficiente, simples, de fácil confecção e permite o monitoramento da atividade mioelétrica, em cães não anestesiados, por períodos de tempo prolongado.OBJECTIVE: The use of intra-abdominal electrodes in the study of gastrointestinal electrical wave is an important instrument of the gastrointestinal mioelectric activity. However, the dislocations of the electrodes in non-anaesthetized animals due to diaphragmatic muscle movements, gastrointestinal movements and mainly due to the animals habits, especially in dogs. The study has the objective to demonstrate a procedure that stabilize the system using simple resources an irrelevant cost. METHODS: The authors demonstrate under diagrams and picture a fixed system to fix the electrical electrodes through the animal skin using bottoms. RESULTS: The system was used in 5 animals. Each animal had 3 bipolar electrodes. During the study it was not identified any electrode migration. The animals was kept resting until the complete recovery of the postoperative ileus. CONCLUSION: The procedure proposed is efficient, simple, and easy to be made and allow an acquisition of the mioelectric activity, in dogs not anaesthetized, for long periods.

The authors report five cases of cystic dilatation of the common bile duct Type I (Todani’s classification) in adults patients, in Division of General Surgery of a University Hospital, treated over a- 25-year- period from 1974 to 1999, among 16.057 operations, and not previously published. Diagnosis was obtained by operative cholangiogram (OC) in the first case, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram on the second one (PTHC) and by ultrasonography (US), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and operative cholangiogram (OC), respectively, on the last three cases. The second patient had an adenocarcinoma arising in the cystic wall associated with peritoneal metastasis. The first two cases were treated by internal drainage and the last three by excision of the cysts and bilioenteric anastomoses. Classification, incidence, etiology, diagnosis, malignization and surgical treatment of biliary cystic disease (BCD) were revised, with the conclusion that resection must be the preferable method of treatment, when possible, especially due to the concern of malignization.

Subdiafragmatic venous decompression during anhepatic stage of canine orthotopic liver transplantation attenuates portal and caval blood stasis and minimize hipoperfusion and metabolic acidosis observed with occlusion of portal and caval veins. During two hours, six dogs submitted to portal-jugular and caval-jugular passive shunts, with maintenance of arterial hepatic flow, were evaluated for pH, carbon dioxide tension (PCO2), base deficit (BD) and oxygen tension (PO2) in portal, caval and systemic arterial blood, as well as for increments of BD (DBD) in portal and caval blood. With a confidence level of 95%, the results showed that: 1. There were not changes of pH anDBD in portal and systemic arterial blood in the majority of studied times; 2. There was metabolic acidosis in caval blood; 3. The negative increments of BD (DBD) were higher in caval blood than in splancnic venous blood at T10, T30 and T105; and, 4. Deoxigenation of portal and caval blood were detected. Acid-base metabolism and oxigenation monitoring of subdiaphramatic venous blood can constitute an effective way to evaluate experimental passive portal-jugular and caval-jugular bypass in dogs.A descompressão venosa subdiafragmática durante a fase anhepática do transplante ortotópico de fígado em cães atenua a estase de sangue nas veias Porta e Cava Inferior e minimiza a hipoperfusão tissular e a acidose metabólica observadas na oclusão dessas veias. Durante duashoras, seis cães submetidos a desvios porta-jugular e cava-jugular passivos, com permanência do fluxo arterial hepático, foram avaliados através de pH, PCO2, DB e PO2 no sangue portal, da Veia Cava Inferior e arterial sistêmico, bem como por incrementos de DB (DDB) no sangue portal e da Veia Cava Inferior. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir com uma confiança de 95% que: 1. Não foram constatadas alterações de pH e DB no sangue portal e arterial sistêmico na maioria dos tempos estudados; 2. Houve acidose metabólica no sangue da VCIIH; 3.Os incrementos negativos da DB (DDB) foram mais intensos no sangue da VCIIH do que no sangue da VP, em T10, T30 e T105; e, 4. Ocorreu desoxigenação no sangue portal e da VCIIH. Oacompanhamento do equilíbrio ácido-básico e da oxigenação no sangue venoso subdiafragmático pode constituir uma maneira efetiva de avaliar os desvios porta-jugular e cava-jugular passivos em cães.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the porcine liver as a teaching and training model for the glissonian approach. METHODS: Ten livers were removed from domestic adult white pigs weighting 35 to 45kg. Based on anatomical landmarks, the glissonian pedicles of each liver segments were dissected and biopsies were taken for histological examination, to analyze the presence of the glissonian sheath. RESULTS: During microscopic examination, a sheath of conjunctive tissue was observed wrapping each segmental pedicle in porcine liver. This could be clearly seen when histological preparation for connective tissue was obtained (Masson technique). CONCLUSION: The morphological arrangement of glissonian pedicles in porcine liver makes this model a useful tool for training the intra-hepatic glissonian approach.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a utilização do fígado suíno como um modelo experimental para o ensino e treinamento da técnica glissoniana intra-hepática nas ressecções do fígado. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 10 fígados inteiros de porcos adultos brancos, pesando entre 35-45 kg. Os pedículos glissonianos de vários segmentos foram dissecados e ressecados para a realização de estudos histológicos e verificação da presença da bainha conjuntiva ao longo das tríades portais. RESULTADOS: Na microscopia, uma bainha de tecido conjuntivo foi encontrada envolvendo os pedículos glissonianos no fígado suíno. A utilização de preparações específicas para o tecido conjuntivo (Masson) ressaltou a presença dessa bainha em cada pedículo. CONCLUSÃO: As características morfológicas dos pedículos glissonianos suínos, fazem desse modelo experimental um método de treinamento da técnica glissoniana intra-hepática.