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Scientific literature has shown relation between the perception of a high Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and poor health or disease in healthcare workers. The aim of the study was to carry out a systematic review of how psychosocial risks in the work environment, conceptualized from the effort-reward imbalance model, influence different dimensions of health or illness in health care professionals. Articles that were published between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed by consulting Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. 27 scientific articles were included. High ERI and over-commitment are associated with poor health or disease in different dimensions.The main limitations of this review are a possible publication bias and the impossibility of establishing causal relationships between environmental psychosocial risks and health or illness. It is necessary to address the psychosocial risks of the health care work environment and to implement improvement programs to achieve a good balance between efforts and rewards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los objetivos del presente estudio son analizar las relaciones existentes entre las estrategias de aculturación y los factores de riesgo psicosocial, el estrés aculturativo y los riesgos psicosociales, y evaluar si existen diferencias en estrés aculturativo dependiendo del sector de actividad. La muestra estuvo formada por 201 personas trabajadoras migrantes que viven en la Comunidad de Madrid (49%) y procedentes en su mayoría de países de Europa oriental y de América del Sur. Se evaluaron las estrategias de aculturación con el cuestionario Modelo Ampliado de Aculturación Relativa (MAAR), el estrés aculturativo con la escala Barcelona de Estrés del Inmigrante (Barcelona Immigrant Stress Scale [BISS]) y los riesgos psicosociales con el cuestionario DECORE. El diseño fue transversal. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la estrategia utilizada por hombres y mujeres para cada ámbito de aculturación. Los sujetos que utilizan la estrategia de marginación tienen percepción de bajo salario, los que adoptan la estrategia intermedia perciben poco control sobre su trabajo, mientras que los que adoptan la estrategia de integración perciben más demandas laborales (trabajo con más contenido). El estrés aculturativo se muestra como predictor de la percepción adversa del entorno laboral (bajo control, bajas recompensas y poco apoyo social). Por otra parte, las personas trabajadoras de más edad perciben más control sobre su trabajo y los empleados del sector de los servicios para el hogar tienen puntuaciones mayores en nostalgia y estrés psicosocial que los del resto de sectores evaluados. Se deben poner en marcha dentro de las organizaciones medidas para minimizar el estrés aculturativo, promover la integración de este grupo de personas trabajadoras y mejorar su percepción de los factores de riesgo psicosocial. The objectives of this study were to analyze the relationships between acculturation strategies and psychosocial risk factors, the acculturative stress and the psychosocial risks, and to assess whether there are differences in acculturative stress depending on the activity sector. The sample consisted of 201 migrant workers living in the Community of Madrid (49%). Most of them were originally from countries from Eastern Europe and South America. Using a cross-sectional design, we applied Relative Acculturation Extended Model (MAAR) questionnaire to measure acculturation strategies; Barcelona Immigrant Stress Scale (BISS) was applied to measure acculturative stress and psychosocial risks were assessed through the DECORE questionnaire. The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the strategy used by men and women for each area of acculturation. Participants who used the Marginalization strategy perceived their salary as being low while those who adopted the Intermediate strategy perceived little control over their work. Those who adopted the Integration strategy perceive more work demands (higher job content). Acculturative stress is a predictor of adverse perception of work environment (low control, low rewards and low social support). On the other hand, older workers perceive more control over their work and employees in the home services sector have higher scores in Nostalgia and Psychosocial Stress than those in other sectors. Within organizations, measures must be put in place to minimize acculturative stress, promote the integration of the workers and improve their perception of psychosocial work factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen Antecedentes Las aproximaciones teóricas sobre el bienestar laboral lo identifican con variables como la satisfacción, la motivación y el estrés. A su vez, en estas variables influyen los factores de riesgo psicosocial del entorno laboral, los cuales se relacionan con la salud de los trabajadores. Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue validar un modelo de bienestar laboral a partir de la evaluación de la percepción de los factores de riesgo psicosocial. Se aplicó el cuestionario DECORE a 865 trabajadores de distintas empresas del sector terciario en la Comunidad de Madrid. Posteriormente, se efectuaron diversos análisis factoriales confirmatorios (procedimiento máxima verosimilitud) sobre las distintas variables realizadas. Resultados Tanto al evaluar los factores de riesgo psicosocial como el bienestar laboral, los índices de ajuste resultan apropiados. Todas las variables latentes se reúnen en un mismo modelo para analizar las relaciones subyacentes entre ellas. Los índices de ajuste son, asimismo, adecuados. Conclusiones La percepción que tiene el trabajador de los factores de riesgo psicosocial resultó ser un predictor de su bienestar laboral, entendido como altos niveles de satisfacción y motivación, y bajos niveles de estrés percibido. Abstract Antecedents Theoretical approaches on occupational well-being have identified several intervening variables such as satisfaction, motivation and occupational stress. Psychosocial risk factors at work have an influence on these variables as well as on workers' health. Objective The aim of this study was to validate a model of occupational well-being by assessing perceived psychosocial risk factors in a sample of 865 workers from different service sector businesses by means of the DECORE questionnaire. Subsequently, several confirmatory factor analyses (maximum likelihood estimators) on the different analyzed variables were performed. Results On having evaluated psychosocial risk factors and occupational well-being, the indexes of adjustment turned out to be appropriate. All the latent variables were included in the same model in order to gather information on the underlying relationships between them. The fit indices were also suitable. Conclusions Workers' perception of psychosocial risk factors was a predictor of occupational well-being, defined as high levels of satisfaction and motivation together with low levels of perceived stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The scientific literature shows that there is a relation between the perception of adverse psychosocial risk factors and depression, despite the few longitudinal studies on this topic. Objective: The aim of the study was to carry out a systematic review of longitudinal studies in which the perception of adverse psychosocial working conditions was associated with depression in the organizational context. Method: Articles published between 2011 and 2015 were reviewed using PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge and PubMed databases. Results: Out of 588 studies, only four scientific articles were obtained. Results indicate that high perception of job demands, scarce control over demands, effort-reward imbalance, perceived work-family conflict, lack of supervision, job insecurity, working overtime, working on weekends when holding positions of low occupational grade and lower professional tenure are associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These factors need to be taken into account in order to improve occupational health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to further analyse the psychometric characteristics of the DECORE Questionnaire (Luceño & Martín, 2008) which assesses workers' perceptions of some psychological risks that research has largely related with poor occupational health and well-being. The sample was split into two sub-groups. The first one consisted of 299 workers and data were analysed using an exploratory factor analysis; the second group consisted of 315 workers and data were analysed via a confirmatory factor analysis. Four factors were extracted from both exploratory and confirmatory analyses: Cognitive Demands, Control, Rewards and Organizational Support. Reliability index was higher than .78 for all four factors and in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleeping habits and the subjective perception of the former determine people's health and general well-being. These sleep parameters of sleep are modulated by the job demands. Previous studies have analyzed the relationship between some psychosocial factors (social support, organizational support, control over job demands as well as anxiety and stress levels) and the characteristics of sleep. This study aims to analyze the relations existing relationships between sleeping habits and perceived psychosocial risks perceived by the subjects in a sample of 117 workers. Results show sleeping habits (sleeping quality and somnolence) and certain psychosocial risks, assessed in terms of organizational support, control and demands-rewards imbalance index, rewards, demand-control imbalance index and the overall risk indexs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental workload is one of the most important psychosocial risk factors. It is defined in terms of the difference between the worker's resources and job demands. Overload and underload conditions cause problems in workers' performance and health. In this paper, the appraisal of workload is compared among two groups of workers (those who had versus those who had not suffered at least one medical problem during the previous year). The NASA-TLX instrument was administered to a sample of 509 workers in order to assess mental workload. Results show that, in general, workers who have been on sick leave perceive higher levels of mental workload, especially in terms of effort, mental demand and frustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]