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Within the subpopulations of guanacos (Lama guanicoe), some are in critical danger of extinction. This is the case of the Chaqueñan guanaco, which inhabited large areas of this great ecoregion until the beginning of the 20th century. Based on the information that located the species in the Salinas Grandes of central Argentina, a transdisciplinary study was conducted. After seven years of field studies, the recent history of this population was characterized, and its population size and area of distribution were estimated. Currently, the number of guanacos that persists is less than 80 individuals, being restricted to the peri-saline and surrounding areas of a large cattle ranch that prohibits hunting, the main anthropic impact that reduced this population in the recent past. Although there are encouraging aspects for its conservation, such as the recent creation of the Traslasierra National Park, it is necessary to deepen management measures to increase the size and distribution of the Chaco guanaco, as well as generate actions that allow revaluing its existence as a biocultural resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal predation is a main problem in sheep production with an important impact on animal production. Factors such as the size of the herd, animals location, and decisions on livestock practices influence the probability of predator attacks. The aim was to determine the characteristic of the sheep farms and factors related with the sheep husbandry associated with the risk of predation, according to the perception of Uruguayan sheep farmers. A virtual structured survey with 30 closed questions was applied to 91 sheep farmers. The survey provided information about social aspects of farmers surveyed, farm characterization, management of the animals, the occurrance of attacks by predators and the predator species. More than 85% of the farmers reported predator attacks, but attacks were 8.3 times less when the farms had electric fences in all paddocks. The proportion of predation was greater in the northern region of the country, and lower when the paddock was visited more than once per day. In general, attacks from pampas foxes and free-ranging dogs had an inverse relationship. The principal predator species reported as responsible for sheep attacks were the southern caracaras, pampas foxes, free-ranging dogs and wild boars. We consider that there may be a probable spatial and temporal avoidance by the pampas fox when free-ranging dogs are present. The high impact of occurrence of predators' attacks indicates the need and the importance of collecting more information and developing management programs that can help to mitigate human-livestock predators conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]