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Title in Portuguese: Seguro-desemprego e formalidade no mercado de trabalho brasileiroAbstract: This paper analyzes the relationship between unemployment benefits and formal employment in the Brazilian labor market. The central hypothesis is that these policies have a negative impact on the incidence of formal employment, after receiving the benefits. The databases used are the 1999–2009 Brazilian household surveys (PNAD). Logistic regression models were estimated, in order to evaluate the effect of unemployment benefits on the Brazilian labor market. The dependent variable indicates the occurrence of formal employment for workers. In addition to a set of independent variables (survey year, region of residence, census area, sex, race, age and education), the models include a public policy evaluation variable (unemployment benefits), as well as variables to analyze the trend of this public policy over time. After receiving unemployment benefits, the incidence of formal employment among workers decreases by 42%. The analysis of interactive terms indicates that increases in the real values of the benefits, held since 1999, have not caused significant effects on the dependent variable.Resumo: Este trabalho analisa a relação entre seguro-desemprego e emprego formal no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. A hipótese central é de que o recebimento deste benefício tem efeito negativo sobre a formalidade do trabalho no período posterior ao seu recebimento. São usados dados da PNAD (1999-2009). Para avaliar o efeito do seguro-desemprego sobre o mercado de trabalho brasileiro, foram estimados modelos de regressão logística. A variável dependente indica a formalidade no trabalho principal. Além de uma série de variáveis independentes (ano da pesquisa, região de residência, situação censitária, sexo, raça, idade e escolaridade), os modelos contêm uma variável de avaliação de política pública (seguro-desemprego) e variáveis para analisar a tendência desta política pública no decorrer do tempo. O recebimento do benefício do seguro-desemprego apresenta efeito negativo de 42% sobre a formalidade no trabalho principal no momento posterior ao recebimento do benefício. A análise dos termos interativos permite indicar que reajustes dos valores do benefício, realizados desde 1999, não causaram efeitos relevantes na formalização do trabalho.

In this paper, we evaluate whether an innovative new campaign finance program in Seattle, Washington shifted the composition of campaign donors in local elections. In 2015, voters in Seattle approved the creation of the Democracy Voucher program with the intent of broadening representation in the campaign finance system and expanding participation from marginalized communities. Every registered voter in Seattle was provided with four, twenty-five-dollar vouchers that they could, in turn, assign to the local candidate(s) of their choice. Through an analysis of the inaugural implementation of the program in 2017, we investigate whether this innovative public financing system increased participation, broadened involvement from underrepresented groups and led to a donor pool that was more representative of the electorate. Compared to cash donors in the municipal election, we report that voucher users are less likely to be high-income and more likely to come from poor neighborhoods. While older residents are over-represented among voucher users, there is little difference in the racial composition of cash donors and voucher users. Our analysis confirms that the Democracy Voucher program successfully moved the donor pool in a more egalitarian direction, although it remains demographically unrepresentative of the electorate. The lessons from Seattle’s inaugural implementation offer key insights for other municipalities considering public financing policies, and these lessons have the potential to reshape the national policy debate about the influence of political money.

Este livro busca apresentar os resultados de trabalhos ligados à aplicação de diferentes técnicas quantitativas na avaliação de políticas públicas. O intuito é que estas análises possam ser utilizadas didaticamente em cursos de graduação e pós-graduação no Brasil que tenham como objetivo apresentar exemplos de análises empíricas a alunos de cursos em Ciências Sociais Aplicadas. A especificidade das análises aqui realizadas é que são acessíveis a um público menos preocupado em formulações matemáticas e mais interessado em entender aplicações estatísticas em problemas do mundo social. Os capítulos do livro são: – Capítulo 1 Utilização de metodologias de avaliação de políticas públicas no Brasil – Capítulo 2 Avaliação das condicionalidades de educação do Programa Bolsa Família: uma análise com o Censo Demográfico do Brasil de 2010 – Capítulo 3 Políticas de transferências condicionadas de renda e a taxa de distorção idade/série: uma análise do Censo Escolar, 1995, 2002 e 2012 – Capítulo 4 Estudo sobre o Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB) e a formação de professores da educação básica, 2003, 2005 e 2011 – Capítulo 5 A política pública do bônus sociorracial na UFMG: avaliação do acesso pelo vestibular, 2008, 2009 e 2010 – Capítulo 6 Ensino profissionalizante como política de aproveitamento do dividendo demográfico: Minas Gerais, 2011 – Capítulo 7 Vulnerabilidade no espaço urbano: análise da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, 2000 – Capítulo 8 Avaliação de políticas habitacionais do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC): Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, 2010 – Capítulo 9 Análise de pacientes com condições crônicas e a ocorrência de internações hospitalares no Brasil e Minas Gerais, 1998, 2003, 2008 e 2011 – Capítulo 10 Correlação entre o recebimento de auxílios e o rendimento de trabalhadores no Brasil, 2001-2011 – Capítulo 11 Posição relativa do rendimento do trabalho do pequeno produtor familiar (1976-2005): algo mudou com o Pronaf? – Capítulo 12 O impacto do Parlamento Jovem sobre a confiança dos jovens mineiros, 2008

For over a decade now, Transparency International (TI) has undertaken National Integrity System (NIS) assessments to determine a country’s effectiveness in fighting corruption, making recommendations for institutional or policy reform. The NIS approach evaluates key ‘pillars’ in a country’s governance system, both in terms of their internal corruption risks and their contribution to fighting corruption in society at large, highlighting, amongst others, rules and practices regarding transparency and accountability. The TI EU Office has now embarked upon an assessment of the EU-level integrity system (EUIS) based upon the NIS methodology and focused around EU institutions. The difficulties in transposing this approach to the EU-level encompass a number of normative, analytical and empirical questions.

Does the structure of the first-year college experience affect students’ graduation outcomes? I investigate this question by evaluating UC Berkeley’s Fall Program for Freshmen (FPF), a fall-semester program for undergraduates admitted for the following spring semester. During the fall semester, FPF participants take introductory courses and receive advising at a separate campus blocks away from UC Berkeley, while living and socializing with regular UC Berkeley students; in the spring semester, FPF participants then matriculate to the main campus. I analyze UC Berkeley admissions and registrar data and show that FPF participants are similar to fall-semester matriculants in their admission characteristics and predicted graduation rates. However, across a variety of treatment effect models, I estimate that FPF participants have a 3–4 percentage-point increase in their four- and six-year graduation rates compared to fall-semester matriculants. FPF participants with below-median high school GPAs and SAT scores have larger increases in their likelihood to graduate. Estimates adjusted for unobservable selection bias (Oster, 2017) are similar in magnitude and direction to my main estimates.

This article investigates how framing processes lead to polarization in the public debate on a large infrastructure project. Drawing on an analysis of newspaper articles about the "Oosterweel connection" in Antwerp (Belgium), it concludes that imaginative framing (appeals to emotions via symbolic language) and framing through evidence (appeals to rationality via factual language) mutually reinforce each other. Because of the mutual reinforcement, we talk of a spiralling motion. When evidence backs up appeals to the imagination, such as when facts back up metaphors, these appeals are endowed with authority and hence legitimacy. While this strengthens appeals that have been "proven" to be true, it also makes actors backing these appeals increasingly frustrated with other parties that still refuse to accept them. Because of their frustration, the former are spurred to launch new imaginative appeals conveying their anger and to seek new evidence to substantiate these new appeals. Going back and forth between imaginative appeals and appeals to evidence, all parties in a conflict develop their own vision of the contested issue and their own evidence base for the policy position. Over time, their tolerance for ambiguity decreases and the debate polarizes.

Title in Portuguese: Análise do perfil dos alunos ingressantes na UFMG pela iniciativa do bônus sociorracialAbstract: This article aims to verify whether the profile of students at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) was modified after the implementation of the socio-racial bonus policy. Between 2009 and 2012, university candidates who studied for at least seven years in a public school received a ten percent bonus on the total points obtained on the admission exams. For those who studied in public schools and declared themselves black or mixed-race, gained an additional bonus of five percent, totaling a fifteen percent bonus. This paper analyzes socioeconomic data collected between 2000 and 2010 at UFMG by the admission exam’s permanent review committee (“Comissão Permanente do Vestibular” – COPEVE). We tried to establish whether there was a significant increase in the admittance of students from public schools, taking into account social, economic and family characteristics, as well as the undergraduate programs targeted by the students. This study is important in the context of the implementation of the 2012 Federal Government quota law (Law # 12,711). Results indicate a change in the profile of entering students at the university. This shift occurred after the implementation of the bonus policy, which facilitated the entrance of students from adverse socioeconomic conditions (public schools and diverse racial background). This data suggests that the bonus policy generated the desired effect in the most popular undergraduate programs.Resumo: Este artigo teve por objetivo verificar se o perfil dos candidatos aprovados na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) foi modificado após a implementação da política de bônus sociorracial. Nos vestibulares de 2009 a 2012, os inscritos que estudaram pelo menos os últimos sete anos em escola pública tiveram um bônus de 10% nos pontos totais obtidos. Para aqueles que estudaram em escola pública e que se autodeclararam negros, houve um bônus adicional de 5%, totalizando 15%. Foi desenvolvida uma análise de dados socioeconômicos coletados nos vestibulares da universidade, entre 2000 e 2010, pela Comissão Permanente do Vestibular (COPEVE). Procurou-se perceber se houve aumento significativo de estudantes provenientes de escolas públicas, levando ainda em consideração informações sociais, econômicas, familiares e cursos de escolha dos vestibulandos. Essa é uma discussão importante de ser realizada no contexto de implementação da lei de cotas do Governo Federal (Lei nº 12.711) de 2012. Verificou-se uma mudança no perfil dos ingressantes na universidade. Percebe-se que essa mudança ocorreu após a implementação da política de bônus, a qual facilitou a entrada de estudantes de condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis na instituição. Esses são indicativos de que a política de bônus ocasionou o efeito desejado nos cursos mais concorridos, ao democratizar o acesso pelo vestibular.

Preprint, final version in American Journal of Sociology available at: http://doi.org/10.1086/674005. Methodological appendix available at: http://osf.io/t93xj/.

The lack of proper waste collection systems leads to plastic pollution in rivers in proximity to rural communities. This environmental threat is more widespread among mountain communities which are prone to frequent flash floods during the warm season. This paper estimates the amounts of plasticbottles dumped into the Izvoru Muntelui lake by upstream rural communities. The plastic pollution dimension between seasonal floods which affected the Bistrita catchment area during 2005–2012 is examined. The floods dumped over 290 tonnes of plastic bottles into the lake. Various scenarios are tested in order to explain each amount of plasticwaste collected by local authorities during sanitation activities. The results show that rural municipalities are responsible for 85.51% oftotal plastic bottles collected during 2005–2010. The source of plastic pollution is mainly local. The major floods of July 2008 and June 2010 collected most of the plastic bottles scattered across the Bistrita river catchment (56 villages) and dumped them into the lake. These comparisons validate the proposed method as a reliable tool in the assessment process of river plastic pollution, which may also be applied in othergeographical areas. Tourism and leisure activities are alsofound to be responsible for plastic pollution in the studyarea. A new regional integrated waste management system should improve the waste collection services across rural municipalities at the county level when it is fully operational. This paper demonstrates that rural communities are significant contributors of plastics into water bodies.

This study analysed recently completed affordable housing developments across Australia to ascertain how affordable housing project costs, revenues and subsidies interact. The research reveals the diverse funding arrangements adopted by providers, which have resulted in affordable housing project outcomes being driven by funding opportunities rather than by defined housing needs, and identified six key lessons about financing affordable housing.

In this paper, nuances of identity, intersectionality and welfare are explored. I begin with a historical overview of the subject followed by an evolution of the concept. I move on to different realizations of intersectionality in politics and policy-making, healthcare, education, employment and property. I end the paper with a statement, based on the workings of the paper, that true welfare is always intersectional, in nature.

This brief article focuses on the flow of information between business, government, and the public, preceding and in the aftermath of a hazard event, focusing on the intersection of the public, government, and business/industry. Drawing from practical understanding obtained during the 2017 hurricane season, comparisons and best practices are detailed, and points of additional discussion raised, with the hope that knowledge may be shared and that communities can become more aware of the critical need to keep information flowing between public and private interests, for the good of all concerned.

This chapter intends to draw attention to solid waste management sector toward rural areaswhere bad practices and public health threats could be avoided through traditional and integratedwaste management routes. The expansion of waste collection services across ruralmunicipalities should be a priority for many countries. Agricultural and municipal wastediversion from wild dumps and open burning practices must be avoided through smart solutionsat the local level which are cost-efficient particularly in developing countries. The bookfurther examines, on the one hand, the main challenges in the development of reliable waste management practices across rural regions and, on the other hand, the concrete solutions andthe new opportunities across the world in dealing with rural solid waste.

This essay offers a reading of current Australian politics by way of the concepts of the uncanny and the oikos, suggesting that both commentaries on the recent (2010) Federal election and the politics that were articulated around it (as well as of the present conjuncture) might be best understood as that of an oikonomics (the law of the household) – and the uncanniness that, in its discrepancy with lived realities, it elicits.

We present a preliminary snapshot of the social composition of faculty at the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs). We find that the faculty body at these institutions is drawn from a very narrow spectrum of Indian society. We argue that by not paying attention to faculty diversity, IIMs engender a crisis of relevance and legitimacy. The proposed legislation that will convert IIMs into degree granting institutions offers a canvas for public deliberation on the question of social diversity at IIMs.

An analysis of counterinsurgency operations in the Malayan Emergency.

Education is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of the United Nations. Considerable interest has been displayed in online education at scale, a new arising concept to realize this goal. Yet connecting online education to real jobs is still a challenge. This CHI workshop bridges this gap by bringing together groups and insights from related work at HCOMP, CSCW, and Learning at Scale. The workshop aims at providing opportunities for groups not yet in the focus of online education, exemplified by students who have not have equal access to higher education, compared to typical students in MOOCs.The focus is on theoretical and empirical connections between online education and job opportunities which can reduce the financial gap, by providing students with an income during their studies. The workshop explores the technological analogue of the concept of ‘apprenticeship’, long established in the European Union, and education research [2]. This allows students to do useful work as an apprentice during their studies. This workshop tackles such questions by bringing together participants from industry (e.g., platforms similar to Upwork, Amazon Mechanical Turk); education, psychology, and MOOCs (e.g., attendees of AERA, EDM, AIED, Learning at Scale); crowdsourcing and collaborative work (e.g., attendees of CHI, CSCW, NIPS, AAAI’s HCOMP).Krause, M., Hall, M., Williams, J. J., Paritosh, P., Prpić, J., & Caton, S. (2016, May). Connecting Online Work and Online Education at Scale. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3536-3541). ACM.

This article examines public involvement in the six-year administrative review process of Waukesha, Wisconsin’s application to draw water from Lake Michigan to replace its radium-contaminated local water supply. The article shows that public positions on the proposal inverted the typical relationship between partisanship and environmental attitudes, prompting both supporters and opponents to ignore scientific evidence and the central matter of water safety. In successive rounds of state and regional administrative review, these political stances induced administrators to engage in increasingly legalistic forms of assessment. Although Waukesha’s application was approved in 2016, these administrative dynamics may limit the ability of the recently-enacted Great Lakes Compact to address current and prospective water safety problems in the region. The case typifies an emerging pattern in water governance in the United States: contentious administrative politics drive cooperative agreements to resemble adversarial proceedings, in turn limiting their ability to adapt to new environmental problems.Citation: Merriman, Ben. 2017. “Testing the Great Lakes Compact: Administrative Politics and the Challenge of Environmental Adaptation.” Politics & Society 45(3): 441-466.

The management of construction waste it is at an early stage in urban areas and lacking in rural areas where this fraction is frequently uncontrolled disposed on public lands. Despite the fact some items of construction waste are considered inert for the environment (soil, concrete) it also contains hazardous items (paint additives, cans, and containers) or recyclables (plastics, metals, wood). Potential recovery of this waste stream is high if it is properly managed. The paper estimates the potential amounts of waste resulted from residential constructions across rural municipalities of Neamț County between 2002 and 2010. These statistical values are calculated at commune level (rural territorial administrative unit) in order to outline the disparities between various geographical areas using thematic cartography. This approach is correlated with demographic features in order to reflect such spatial patterns. The map of population density within built-up areas reveals where the construction sector is emerging at the county scale. Field observations highlight the existence of illegal disposal practices of construction waste in the proximity of settlements or water bodies. This waste stream should receive proper attention in following years in order to achieve recycling and recovery targets imposed by EU regulations.

Policy interventions have to be timely and tailored to specific sectors of the economic ecosystem to maximise their potential impact. We propose a system based on open data that offers policy makers two capabilities. First, it enables them to explore the digital and tech company space with high granularity through keywords, specific technologies or company names, and identify relevant organisations and those most similar to them. Second, it provides an overview of the ecosystem by creating thematic topics that characterise the activities of these companies. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this system in three activity areas not currently captured in the SIC codes.

Religious participation is linked to numerous positive safety outcomes for adolescents. Scant attention, however, has been paid to associations between religious participation and safety risks among adolescents. Using data from Add Health (N = 18,449), a nationally representative school-based sample of US adolescents, this study examines the relationship between adolescents’ religious affiliation and easy access to firearms at home. Regression analyses adjust for complex sampling design and compare easy firearm access at home among conservative Protestant adolescents to adolescent firearm access in other religious traditions. Conservative Protestant adolescents have a substantially greater likelihood of easy access to a gun at home compared to adolescents of all other major religious traditions in the United States. Recognizing differences in adolescent firearm access between subcultural groups can help public health interventions more effectively identify and address the needs of vulnerable populations. The paper’s conclusion considers suggestions for effective policy and programmatic initiatives.

In the early 2010s, Japanese society recognized and experienced a panic about increasing infertility and people's lack of knowledge about human reproduction. This paper focuses on several graphs that misrepresented or distorted scientific findings that were used in the campaign related to this panic and explores (1) how the graphs were made, used, and authorized, and (2) how they contributed to changes in discourses and policies. Findings are the following: (1) The graphs were made in the field of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive medicine by questionable methods, including falsifying, trimming, and misunderstanding of data. (2) Researchers in the field of fertility study relied on secondary and tertiary sources thus ignoring and compounding errors. (3) Such inauthentic research was approved and politically mobilized by professional organizations, rather than being penalized or criticized. (4) Discourse based on such unscientific knowledge may have encouraged a pronatalist policy of promoting early marriage and education about human fertility and life planning, targeted at teenage girls.

The European Commission, much like other executives and public administrations in Western Democracies, is frequently faced with leaks. Even though executive leaders often criticize this practice as unwanted breach of confidentiality and secrecy, research has shown that leak prevention is usually not taken seriously beyond public complaints. This paper analyses the phenomenon of leaking in the European Commission and the efforts the Commission makes to prevent leaks from its own ranks. It finds that leaking and leak prevention are regularly discussed at the highest level of the Commission. However, a survey with leak recipients suggest that leaks seem so widely distributed and frequent at various stages of internal decision-making that the existing prevention efforts seem ineffective. Analysing the rules and practices of leak prevention, the paper shows that, while there are anti-leak rules in place, there have been very few cases in which Commission leakers have been administratively sanctioned. The explanation for these observations builds on the argument that leaking is part of regular bureaucratic politics and that leak prevention therefore is not meant to be effective, except for a few important cases.

This article demonstrates that party-political orientations within governance communities can have strong effects on policy implementation. Empirical evidence is drawn from the Academy conversion scheme for secondary schools in England that was recently pursued by the Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition government. The opt-in nature of the reform makes it possible to discern the impact that nominally apolitical school governors have on the implementation of the policy. Academy conversion is disproportionately found in more Conservative-voting constituencies due to varying school-level propensities to apply to convert, rather than varying propensities for the Department for Education to authorize conversions. Further, applications to convert are significantly more likely from schools in Conservative parliamentary seats that are under the control of Labour local authorities. Thus, nominally apolitical policy participants appear to act in rather political ways, which has implications for our understanding of the involvement of civil society in the provision of public services.

What is the state of the research on crowdsourcing for policymaking? This article begins to answer this question by collecting, categorizing, and situating an extensive body of the extant research investigating policy crowdsourcing, within a new framework built on fundamental typologies from each field. We first define seven universal characteristics of the three general crowdsourcing techniques (virtual labor markets, tournament crowdsourcing, open collaboration), to examine the relative tradeoffs of each modality. We then compare these three types of crowdsourcing to the different stages of the policy cycle, in order to situate the literature spanning both domains. We finally discuss research trends in crowdsourcing for public policy and highlight the research gaps and overlaps in the literature.Prpić, J., Taeihagh, A., & Melton, J. (2015). The Fundamentals of Policy Crowdsourcing. Policy & Internet, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 340-361.

Chronos politics refers to the political mobilization of age groups and/or cohorts. In the popular media, commentators accuse Baby Boomers of using their large relative cohort size to force welfare states to shortchange smaller generations. Ironically, Western society used to be afraid that their disproportionate size would cause the Baby Boomers to be shortchanged. Our paper uses population and expenditure data on 24 countries to explore how the relative size of age groups affects expenditures in five areas of social spending: active labour market policies (ALMP), family, health, old age, and unemployment. We find that contrary to popular perceptions, per capita spending tends to lag behind demographic changes, resulting in shortages and windfalls for larger and smaller generations, respectively.

The greater potential for engagement is enabling citizens to build new services on top of government systems, and to analyze the same data that government maintains for its internal use. This lets citizens not only comment to government, but co-produce government. To enable this, government leaders should:* Welcome the Civic Hackers - Local government leaders have had some notable successes cooperating with civic hackers to leapfrog the business-as-usual approach of government and its contractors.* Eat Your Own Dog Food - When a government leader makes her agency’s databases shareable with citizens, this will also make the databases more reliable for the agency.* Don’t Panic about Guerrilla Government - Technology is making off-the-clock engagement by government employees both inevitable and productive.Related informatoin is at www.PubAdmin.org

This is an open-source project about creating documented work processes in organizations whose officials are unwilling to promulgate implementable procedures.This is a project of Center for Public Administrators, www.PubAdmin.org