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Purpose: To describe a process for identifying birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) screening guidelines in Mongolia., Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital in Ulaanbataar, Mongolia, of 193 premature infants with GA of 36 weeks or younger and/or BW of 2,000 g or less) with regression analysis to determine associations between BW and GA and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)., Results: As BW and GA decreased, the relative risk of developing ROP increased. The relative risk of developing any stage of ROP in infants born at 29 weeks or younger was 2.91 (95% CI: 1.55 to 5.44; P < .001] compared to older infants. The relative risk of developing any type of ROP in infants with BW of less than 1,200 g was 2.41 (95% CI: 1.35 to 4.29; P = .003] and developing type 2 or worse ROP was 2.05 (95% CI: 0.99 to 4.25; P = .05)., Conclusions: Infants in Mongolia with heavier BW and older GA who fall outside of current United States screening guidelines of GA of 30 weeks or younger and/or BW of 1,500 g or less developed clinically relevant ROP. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2020;57(5):333-339.]., (Copyright 2020, SLACK Incorporated.)