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Environmental change, climate warming, population density increase, high migration activity of the population and other factors provoke the emergence and spread of new infections around the world. The emergence in December 2019 of diseases caused by the new coronavirus («coronavirus disease 2019») has already gone down in history as an emergency of international importance. It is known that the most common clinical manifestation of a new infection is pneumonia, and also in a significant part of patients — respiratory distress syndrome. Our article provides a brief analytical review of these temporary guidelines Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation «Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of a New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19)», version 3 (03.03.20) and other published sources. The team of authors expresses the hope that these data will be useful to doctors in providing medical care to patients with a new coronary virus infection, as well as to teachers in preparing students and residents. Source: Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Temporary guidelines «Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)», version 4 (27.03.20). Available on: https://static-3.rosminzdrav.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/049/881/original/COVID19_recomend_v4.pdf

The popularity of home canning contributes to a sufficiently high incidence of botulism worldwide. The canned products containing botulinum toxin do not change neither color, taste, nor smell of contents of canned food. The criteria for the severity of the course of botulism are considered a violation of swallowing liquid food and symptoms of difficulty breathing. A distinctive feature of the paralytic syndrome in botulism is its symmetry and the absence of a violation of sensitivity. The criteria of the severity of the course of botulism is considered a violation of swallowing liquid food and the severity of acute respiratory failure. The paper presents the features of the therapy of the patients with botulism in the intensive care unit. Clinical examples illustrate the difficulties in recognizing botulism at the early stage of the disease, which are due to the polymorphism of the clinical picture of botulism and the similarity of symptoms with other diseases. Most commonly, patients with botulism are diagnosed with acute intestinal infection or the neurological pathology. Patients are not hospitalized in a timely manner, which can affect the outcome of the disease. The ability to recognize botulism at the prehospital stage is necessary for all doctors.

The aim of the study is to conduct a research of patient encounters concerning tick bites and incidence rates of infections transmitted by ixodid ticks among Moscow population; to estimate data about abundance of ticks infected with human diseases in Moscow region and formulate an approach to non-specific prevention of human diseases, transmitted by ixodid ticks, taking into account the city environment. Materials and methods. We have analyzied quantitative data provided by Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer rights protection and human well-being (period: 2013-2016) about patient encounters concerning tick bites and incidence rates of infections transmitted by ixodid ticks among Moscow population. We employed standard method of collecting and tracking Ixodid ticks abundance in the parks and parklands of Moscow using “flags” and “trackers” within vegetation. Existence of infectious agents in Ixodid ticks was identified with PCR method in the laboratory of the department of highly infectious diseases FBHI «Moscow Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology». Results and considerations. Epidemiological situation in Moscow in 20132016 concerning infections transmitted by ixodid ticks remains stressful. According to Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer rights protection and human well-being, Lyme disease and introduced cases of tick-borne encephalitis were registered in Moscow. In 2016, 61 parks and parklands were listed as a potential life environment for Ixodid ticks. Investigation of the cases about infectioning with Lyme disease agents in Moscow region in 2013-2016 revealed that most of the cases were registered in East and North-West districts of Moscow in «Losiniy Ostrov» and «Serebryaniy Bor» parks. Conclusion. In the megapolis environment the approach to prevent infectious diseases transmitted by ixodid tick should be multifaceted. The greatest value should lie in non-specific prevention aimed on protection against several infectious agents that might be in a tick.

The differential diagnosis of infectious diseases for general practitioners is always a difficult process. The spectrum of clinical entities when jaundice may develop is unusually wide. First of all doctor must exclude or confirm infectious nature of the jaundice, which is dictated primarily by epidemiological rules. This report contains clinical and epidemiological characteristics of key diseases causing jaundice syndrome. Authors conducted analysis based on the data of the 18th department of the Moscow Infectious Hospital № 1 for the years 2014-2015 and revealed how common infectious diseases causing jaundice syndrome are.