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Purpose: The purpose of the article is to analyze the reduction of PV generation in Germany and Poland and possible ways to solve it. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was conducted using available secondary data and literature. The study's time scope is from Q1 2013 to Q1 2024. Findings: The answer to the challenges is the continuous modernization of the power grid towards smart grids. A necessary element is increasing the flexibility of the power system through the development of energy storage and new grid services. Research limitations/implications: Limitations apply to the Polish and German markets. Practical implications: Based on the analysis of the Polish and German markets, the authors proposed possible scenarios for the development of PV networks and possible actions aimed at continuous modernization of the power grid towards smart grids by conducting programs to support the development of national network infrastructure. Social implications: Reducing the negative impact on the environment and identifying opportunities to build smart grids. Originality/value: Few studies have examined the effects of integrating RES into power grids. The research gap detailed the analysis of grid deactivation cases in Poland and Germany. The two markets were compared due to their geographical proximity and their significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to identify the environmental impact of dairy plants in Poland, considering their social, economic, legal and managerial aspects. Design/methodology/approach: The data was collected using CAWI and IDI. Findings: Factors influencing the studied organisations' environmental performance were defined. Research limitations/implications: It can be extended to the food industry or manufacturing companies. Practical implications: As a result of the research, the article contains recommendations for further actions to improve the EPE of organizations, not only in the dairy industry. Social implications: Research results and recommendations may impact CSR because the information in the article can be used to improve activities in the field of the organization's environmental impact. Originality/value: The article contains original research results, their interpretation and recommendations for enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to contribute to the field by exploring the development of the functionality of mobile applications in crises using commercial banks as an example. Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted between 2020 and 2022 in 13 commercial banks, performing a total of 390 complete tests of mobile applications by 30 clients (respondents). Findings: It was found that mobile applications are becoming a significant customer service channel in some banks. In addition, the mobile application is helpful for the client since it can replace personal contact with the bank in terms of service without needing additional support from an advisor in other contact channels. It was also found that crises significantly accelerate the development of mobile applications to meet customers' needs and expectations. Research limitations/implications: The research was conducted as part of the Institution of the Year project in 2020, 2021, and 2022. The study was carried out in 13 commercial banks, performing 390 complete tests of mobile applications by 30 clients (respondents). Practical implications: Crises, which have occurred frequently in recent years, force managers to take measures to respond quickly to the needs and expectations of customers. The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic made it impossible for many customers to contact direct sales field personnel directly. The banking sector has also been affected by this problem. Although banks had used mobile applications for some time, customers could only use a limited set of functions. They had to go to a bank branch to open an account or take a loan. Social implications: To meet customer requirements, bank managers make strategic decisions to improve mobile applications to meet the needs and expectations of customers and achieve a high level of satisfaction. There are many studies on responding to crises in various sectors. The research results will positively influence the improvement of the quality of services as well as the progress of the quality of life of society. Originality/value: No research has been conducted on customers' role in creating new mobile application improvements. Therefore, the article presents the research results in this field, and the appropriate conclusions were drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article touches upon the topic of LCA simplifications within the scope of data inventory for the purposes of life cycle analysis of selected products. The paper's main objective was to define the features of products for which the calculation of the simplified environmental indicators may be recommended. The selected products differed in many aspects, and they could be generally classified into two separate groups: active products, which require energy to fulfil their function, and passive products, which do not need an energy supply. On the basis of the presented active products, it has been established that the key issue during their classification should be mass per unit and operational mode. The features of the analysed active use-intensive products include: low mass per unit, relatively short life cycle related to intensive use, possibility for fulfilment of functions without additional material flows and operation with constant AC power supply. A simplified LCA should be recommended at the first stage of project planning, when there are many versions/conceptions of a given product and when a full LCA is virtually impossible. In light of the above-mentioned, simplified environmental indicators would be the first filter for the versions of a new product being considered. Thanks to the proposed approach, the designer is able to categorise the tested product and will be aware of any potential critical points of its life cycle (hot spots). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]