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Introduction: A management information system (MIS) can have a great effect on the effectiveness and efficiency of management in different centers. Various conceptual models are used for designing, implementing, and evaluating this system. Methods: The Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) is one of those models in which the underlying and effective factors of an MIS are identified, evaluated and clarified, making it possible to design, implement, apply and evaluate the system by using different techniques and the opinions of different experts and managers and reaching a consensus among different attitudes. In this model, the designer and all stakeholders participate in the system; identify the needs, expectations, possibilities, and problems; and offer step-by-step solutions to implement the MIS. Results: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the conceptual model of soft systems method to design and implement information management system in incubators of medical universities. This is a practical descriptive study conducted during the period 2017-2019. This study showed a significant difference in all selected indices (P-Value 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that, among the conceptual models, the SSM can be used as an appropriate model for implementing an MIS, and the system developed in this project is efficient enough to be used in the management of the incubator.

Introduction: Today, organizations feel that they need accurate, relevant, and timely information in order to properly fulfill their assigned tasks. The Management Information System (MIS), a type of Information System (IS), has a significant impact on organizations' performance. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of a comprehensive management information system in organizing incubator centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive management system was developed in 2017-18 to collect information for technology incubator centers and companies based in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences using a model based on modern research methods in management. This system was then physically installed at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and was used in six technology incubator centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The efficiency of the information management system of the technology incubator centers was studied and analyzed using descriptive methods through questionnaires designed based on Likert's five-point scale; SPSS and EXCEL software applications were also used. Findings: The result of this research showed the participants’ satisfaction with the indicators related to the design, installation and implementation phases, and also the increased speed of users’ responsiveness, the reduced times of data entry, user satisfaction, experience of interaction with the system, reduced workload, accuracy and precision of information, and increased relationship between incubator centers and companies. Conclusion: The present study concluded that proper implementation of management information system can be effective in improving personnel performance, managers' decisions, and productivity of growth centers in developing and supporting knowledge-based companies. By reviewing and upgrading the management dashboard, the performance of the system can be improved to meet national needs at any time and as a result, it will save time.

Paclitaxel is a potent anticancer drug with a unique mechanism of action, which is now administered via IV infusion. Due to the presence of cremophor EL in its formulation it may show anaphylactic reactions. So that oral administration of paclitaxel for removal of these important side effects is the interest of many researches. Intestinal permeation of paclitaxel is restricted because of low solubility, lack of intestinal permeability, and efflux by pumps in intestinal wall. In this study the effects of NSAIDs and P-glycoprotein inhibitors on the intestinal permeability of paclitaxel was assessed by everted intestinal sacs technique. The results show that piroxicam, indomethacin, naproxen, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen increase the intestinal permeability of paclitaxel 15.5, 10.1, 7.5, 5.6 , and 4.5 folds, respectively. Inhibition of the P-gp pumps by verapamil and cyclosporine increase the permeation of paclitaxel 2.9 and 4 folds, respectively. It seems that co-administration of paclitaxel with NSAIDs and P-gp pumps inhibitors could improve the intestinal permeation of paclitaxel.

Paclitaxel is a potent anticancer drug with a unique mechanism of action, which is now administered via IV infusion. Due to the presence of cremophor EL in its formulation it may show anaphylactic reactions. So that oral administration of paclitaxel for removal of these important side effects is the interest of many researches. Intestinal permeation of paclitaxel is restricted because of low solubility, lack of intestinal permeability, and efflux by pumps in intestinal wall. In this study the effects of NSAIDs and P-glycoprotein inhibitors on the intestinal permeability of paclitaxel was assessed by everted intestinal sacs technique. The results show that piroxicam, indomethacin, naproxen, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen increase the intestinal permeability of paclitaxel 15.5, 10.1, 7.5, 5.6 , and 4.5 folds, respectively. Inhibition of the P-gp pumps by verapamil and cyclosporine increase the permeation of paclitaxel 2.9 and 4 folds, respectively. It seems that co-administration of paclitaxel with NSAIDs and P-gp pumps inhibitors could improve the intestinal permeation of paclitaxel.

Introduction: A drug dosage form contains excipients as well as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Formerly excipients were considered as inert components which were used by a formulator to provide suitable volume, weight and consistency of a dosage form. Today however, excipients are expected to perform multifunctional roles such as enhancing physical, chemical and microbial stability of the dosage form, improving the color or odor of the formulation and influencing the release and bioavailability of the active ingredient. Among various excipients, natural ones seem to be more beneficial to use, since they are economical, safe, biodegradable and biocompatible. In this article, Myrrh oleo- gum- rein is introduced as a potential natural multipurpose excipient that can perform many useful roles in pharmaceutical dosage forms.Materials and methods: Scopus and Google scholar electronic databases were searched to find different properties of myrrh as an excipient. Also ten famous traditional Iranian medicine books were studied to find semisolid formulations named Sabgh which contained myrrh. One of these formulations was prepared and its physical and microbiological stability was assessed. The role of myrrh as an excipient in this formulation was discussed. Results and discussion: Antibacterial and preservative effects shown in the formulation were related to the essential oils of myrrh. The gum portion was found to be a potential surfactant. In addition, myrrh is a natural muco-adhesive and film forming material. These properties were observed for myrrh in the Sabgh formulated in this study as well. So we can conclude that myrrh can be a potential multipurpose excipient in pharmaceutical industries which needs further research.

A drug dosage form contains excipients as well as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Formerly, excipients were considered inert components that were used by a formulator to provide the suitable volume, weight and consistency of a dosage form. Today, however, excipients are expected to perform multifunctional roles such as enhancing physical, chemical and microbial stabilities of the dosage form, improving the color or odor of the formulation, and influencing the release and bioavailability of the active ingredient. Among various excipients, natural ones seem to be more beneficial to use, since they are economical, safe, biodegradable, and biocompatible. In this article, myrrh oleo-gum-resin is introduced as a potential natural multipurpose excipient that can perform many useful roles in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Scopus and Google scholar electronic databases were searched to find different properties of myrrh as an excipient. Moreover, ten famous traditional Iranian medicine books were studied to find semisolid formulations named Sabgh, which contained myrrh. One of these formulations was prepared, and its physical and microbiological stabilities were assessed. The role of myrrh as an excipient in this formulation is discussed here. Antibacterial and preservative effects shown in the formulation were related to the essential oil of myrrh. The gum portion was found to be a potential surfactant. In addition, myrrh is a natural muco-adhesive and film forming material. These properties were observed for myrrh in the Sabgh formulation in this study as well. So we can conclude that myrrh could be a potential multipurpose excipient in pharmaceutical industries, which needs further research.

Introduction: A drug dosage form contains excipients as well as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Formerly excipients were considered as inert components which were used by a formulator to provide suitable volume, weight and consistency of a dosage form. Today however, excipients are expected to perform multifunctional roles such as enhancing physical, chemical and microbial stability of the dosage form, improving the color or odor of the formulation and influencing the release and bioavailability of the active ingredient. Among various excipients, natural ones seem to be more beneficial to use, since they are economical, safe, biodegradable and biocompatible. In this article, Myrrh oleo- gum- rein is introduced as a potential natural multipurpose excipient that can perform many useful roles in pharmaceutical dosage forms.Materials and methods: Scopus and Google scholar electronic databases were searched to find different properties of myrrh as an excipient. Also ten famous traditional Iranian medicine books were studied to find semisolid formulations named Sabgh which contained myrrh. One of these formulations was prepared and its physical and microbiological stability was assessed. The role of myrrh as an excipient in this formulation was discussed. Results and discussion: Antibacterial and preservative effects shown in the formulation were related to the essential oils of myrrh. The gum portion was found to be a potential surfactant. In addition, myrrh is a natural muco-adhesive and film forming material. These properties were observed for myrrh in the Sabgh formulated in this study as well. So we can conclude that myrrh can be a potential multipurpose excipient in pharmaceutical industries which needs further research.

Medication errors have serious consequences for patients, their families and care givers. Reduction of these faults by care givers such as nurses can increase the safety of patients. The goal of study was to assess the rate and etiology of medication error in pediatric and medical wards. This cross-sectional-analytic study is done on 101 registered nurses who had the duty of drug administration in medical pediatric and adults’ wards. Data was collected by a questionnaire including demographic information, self report faults, etiology of medication error and researcher observations. The results showed that nurses’ faults in pediatric wards were 51/6% and in adults wards were 47/4%. The most common faults in adults wards were later or sooner drug administration (48/6%), and administration of drugs without prescription and administering wrong drugs were the most common medication errors in pediatric wards (each one 49/2%). According to researchers’ observations, the medication error rate of 57/9% was rated low in adults wards and the rate of 69/4% in pediatric wards was rated moderate. The most frequent medication errors in both adults and pediatric wards were that nurses didn’t explain the reason and type of drug they were going to administer to patients. Independent T-test showed a significant change in faults observations in pediatric wards (p=0.000) and in adults wards (p=0.000). Several studies have shown medication errors all over the world, especially in pediatric wards. However, by designing a suitable report system and use a multi disciplinary approach, we can be reduced the occurrence of medication errors and its negative consequences.Keyword: Etiology,Teaching hospital,Pharmcological error, Medication errors, Nurse.

Medication errors have serious consequences for patients, their families and care givers. Reduction of these faults by care givers such as nurses can increase the safety of patients. The goal of study was to assess the rate and etiology of medication error in pediatric and medical wards. This cross-sectional-analytic study is done on 101 registered nurses who had the duty of drug administration in medical pediatric and adults’ wards. Data was collected by a questionnaire including demographic information, self report faults, etiology of medication error and researcher observations. The results showed that nurses’ faults in pediatric wards were 51/6% and in adults wards were 47/4%. The most common faults in adults wards were later or sooner drug administration (48/6%), and administration of drugs without prescription and administering wrong drugs were the most common medication errors in pediatric wards (each one 49/2%). According to researchers’ observations, the medication error rate of 57/9% was rated low in adults wards and the rate of 69/4% in pediatric wards was rated moderate. The most frequent medication errors in both adults and pediatric wards were that nurses didn’t explain the reason and type of drug they were going to administer to patients. Independent T-test showed a significant change in faults observations in pediatric wards (p=0.000) and in adults wards (p=0.000). Several studies have shown medication errors all over the world, especially in pediatric wards. However, by designing a suitable report system and use a multi disciplinary approach, we can be reduced the occurrence of medication errors and its negative consequences.

Medication errors have serious consequences for patients, their families and care givers. Reduction of these faults by care givers such as nurses can increase the safety of patients. The goal of study was to assess the rate and etiology of medication error in pediatric and medical wards. This cross-sectional-analytic study is done on 101 registered nurses who had the duty of drug administration in medical pediatric and adults’ wards. Data was collected by a questionnaire including demographic information, self report faults, etiology of medication error and researcher observations. The results showed that nurses’ faults in pediatric wards were 51/6% and in adults wards were 47/4%. The most common faults in adults wards were later or sooner drug administration (48/6%), and administration of drugs without prescription and administering wrong drugs were the most common medication errors in pediatric wards (each one 49/2%). According to researchers’ observations, the medication error rate of 57/9% was rated low in adults wards and the rate of 69/4% in pediatric wards was rated moderate. The most frequent medication errors in both adults and pediatric wards were that nurses didn’t explain the reason and type of drug they were going to administer to patients. Independent T-test showed a significant change in faults observations in pediatric wards (p=0.000) and in adults wards (p=0.000). Several studies have shown medication errors all over the world, especially in pediatric wards. However, by designing a suitable report system and use a multi disciplinary approach, we can be reduced the occurrence of medication errors and its negative consequences.Keyword: Etiology,Teaching hospital,Pharmcological error, Medication errors, Nurse.