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Based on the spillway tunnel project of Jinchuan Hydropower Station, this research introduced the microseis-mic monitoring technology to monitor the deformation and failure of surrounding rock in real time, and studied the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of microseismic events in surrounding rock of spillway tunnel. The failure mechanism of surrounding rock in spillway tunnel of Jinchuan Hydropower Station was analyzed by means of energy ratio of transverse and longitudinal waves ES/Ep. The fractal rock mechanics theory was introduced into the field of microseis-mic, and the spatiotemporal evolution of the fractal dimension of energy released by microseismic was analyzed. The relationship between the fractal dimension and the deformation of surrounding rock in time and space was revealed through the comparative analysis of the evolution law of the fractal dimension and conventional monitoring data. The fractal dimension of the microseismic energy of rock mass before the deformation occured would appear dimension reduction in time and space, which could be used as a warning signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]