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Objective To analyse the risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and progressive liver fibrosis and their predictive efficacy. Methods Based on the results of abdominal ultrasound, 431 patients with T2DM were divided into 316 patients with T2DM combined with NAFLD (combined group) and 115 patients with T2DM (simple group); 316 patients with T2DM combined with NAFLD were further divided into 39 patients with progressive liver fibrosis (progressive group), 122 patients with suspected liver fibrosis (suspicious group), and 155 patients without liver fibrosis (excluded group) according to the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). Univariate and multifactorial Logistic regression was used to analyze of influencing factors and risk factors for T2DM combined with NAFLD and progressive liver fibrosis. The ROC curve was used to assess the predictive efficiency of the risk factors on NAFLD and progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM combined with NAFLD. Results There were significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (LY), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), albumin (Alb), serum urid acid (SUA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), UHR, fasting insulin (FIns), fasting C-peptide (FC-P), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) between the combined group and simple group (all P<0. 05); multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, AST, Alb, TG, UHR, and FC-P were risk factors for T2DM in combination with NAFLD. When the predicted critical value of BMI was 24. 87 kg/m2, the sensitivity of T2DM combined with NAFLD was 77. 5% and the specificity was 72. 2%; when the predicted critical value of AST was 19. 5 U/L, the sensitivity of T2DM combined with NAFLD was 56. 7% and the specificity was 78. 3%; when the predicted critical value of Alb was 4. 42 g/dL, its sensitivity was 57. 0% and specificity was 58. 3%; when the predicted critical value of TG was 1. 45 mmol/L, its sensitivity was 73. 7% and specificity was 65. 2%; when the predicted critical value of UHR was 308. 5, its sensitivity was 66. 5% and specificity was 81. 7%; when the FC-P predicted critical value was 1. 44 ng/mL, its sensitivity was 67. 1% and specificity was 63. 5% for the diagnosis of T2DM combined with NAFLD. There were significant differences in gender, age, history of hypertension, BMI, platelet (PLT), AST/ALT, GGT, Alb, total bilirubin (TBil), serum creatinine (Scr), cystatin C (Cys-C), SUA, TC, TG, HDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), UHR, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), FIns, FC-P, and HOMA-IR between the progressive group, suspicious group and the excluded group (all P<0. 05); multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that UHR, FC-P and HOMA-IR were risk factors for progressive liver fibrosis; when the predicted critical value of UHR was 313. 98, the sensitivity of the diagnosis of progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM combined with NAFLD was 84. 6% and the specificity was 54. 9%; when the predicted critical value of HOMA-IR was 5. 56, the sensitivity of the diagnosis of progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM combined with NAFLD was 69. 2% and the specificity was 72. 6%; when the the predicted critical value of FC-P was 2. 64 ng/mL, the sensitivity of the diagnosis of progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM combined with NAFLD was 53. 8%, and the specificity was 82. 3%. Conclusions BMI, AST, Alb, TG, UHR, and FC-P are risk factors for NAFLD in combination with T2DM; UHR, FC-P, and HOMA-IR are risk factors for progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM combined with NAFLD. Each index has good predictive efficacy for T2DM combined with NAFLD and for progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM combined with NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective　 To investigate the expression and significance of ribosomal S6 protein kinase 4 （RSK4） and p63 in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. Methods　 The expression of RSK4 and p63 in 72 cases of esophageal squamous- cell carcinoma was detected by EnVision immunohistochemical method. Semiquantitative analysis was conducted on staining results. The mRNA and protein expression levels of RSK4 and p63 in the human esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma cell lines TE-11， TE-10， and normal esophageal cells Het-1A were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting， respectively. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used to analyze the survival of the patients. Results　 The positive protein expression rates of RSK4 and p63 in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma were 62. 5% （45/72） and 83. 3%（ 60/72）， respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of RSK4 and p63 genes in esophageal squamouscell carcinoma cell lines TE-11 and TE-10 were higher than those in normal esophageal cells Het-1A （all P<0. 05）. Kaplan- Meier survival analysis showed that the positive expression of RSK4 was associated with poor prognosis （P<0. 05）， and staging， histological differentiation， and lymph node metastasis were factors affecting the survival （all P<0. 05）. The expression of p63 was not correlated with clinicopathological features or prognosis （both P>0. 05）. Cox regression analysis showed that the positive expression of RSK4， pT stage， histological differentiation， and lymph node metastasis were related to the survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma （all P<0. 05）. Conclusions　 RSK4 and P63 are abnormally expressed in esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. RSK4 can be used as a molecular marker for staging and prognostic assessment of potential esophageal carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EB病毒相关胃癌 (EBVaGC) 是一种具有独特病理特征的胃癌亚型, 具有高表达免疫检查点蛋白和高淋巴 细胞浸润特性. 因此, 免疫疗法有望成为EBVaGC新的治疗策略. 免疫检查点阻断疗法是目前研究最多的一种免 疫治疗手段, 如程序性细胞死亡受体1 (PD-1) /程序性细胞死亡配体1 (PD-L1) 抑制剂, 细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4 (CTLA-4) 抑制剂. 目前, 治疗 EBVaGC 的 PD-1/PD-L1 抑制剂有 Avelumab, Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Toripalimab, Camrelizumab 等, CTLA-4 抑制剂有 Ipilimumab, Tremelimumab. 除此之外, 还有利用 STING, BARF1, MHC, CXCL8, NK 细胞等分子或细胞的免疫治疗手段. 但免疫疗法治疗 EBVaGC 的临床研究尚少, 其具体疗效还有待于进一步 验证. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the relationships between Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) infection and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods A total of 106 elderly ESCC patients (≥75 years old) were selected, and Fn infection in cancer tissues was detected by QPCR and RNAscope, respectively, to analyze their consistency. The relationships between Fn infection and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed by Q-PCR. Patients were followed up for 2 years after surgery, and the survival of patients was recorded. The 2-year survival rate and survival time of patients with positive and negative Fn infection were compared. COX regression was used to analyze the effect of Fn infection on the prognosis of elderly ESCC patients. Results Sixty-five cases (61. 32%) and 62 cases (58. 49%) were positive for Fn infection by Q-PCR and RNAscope, respectively. The detection results of the two methods were significantly consistent (Kappa value was 0. 941, P<0. 05). The proportions of male, smoking, drinking, family history of ESCC, choking on swallowing, low differentiation, positive tumor invasion and fibromembrane, lymph node metastasis, and stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ clinical stage in elderly ESCC patients with positive Fn infection were higher than those with negative Fn infection (all P<0. 05). In elderly ESCC patients with positive Fn infection, 28 cases survived and 37 cases died (the 2-year survival rate was 43. 08%); in elderly ESCC patients with negative Fn infection, 36 cases survived and 5 cases died (the 2-year survival rate was 87. 80%); the 2-year survival rate and survival time of elderly ESCC patients with positive Fn infection were significantly shorter than those of patients with negative Fn infection (all P<0. 05). Positive Fn infection was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of elderly ESCC patients (P< 0. 05). Conclusion Elderly male ESCC patients with smoking, drinking and family history of ESCC have an increased risk of Fn infection, and elderly ESCC patients infected with Fn have a worse prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

目的观察围绝经期子宫内膜息肉(endometrial polyps,EP)组织中细胞跨膜Notch配体4(DLL4)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP9)的表达变化,并探讨其意义。方法围绝经期EP患者50例(EP组),其中绝经前后EP患者各25例,均未接受激素治疗,术中留取患者EP组织。同期选取围绝经期因子宫肌瘤或子宫脱垂接受子宫切除术的患者50例(对照组),其中绝经前后各25例,留取患者正常子宫内膜组织。采用免疫组化染色方法检测EP组患者EP组织及对照组患者正常子宫内膜组织中的DLL4和MMP9。结果 EP组25例绝经前患者EP组织中DLL4、MMP9蛋白阳性表达率分别为88%、84%,对照组25例绝经前患者正常子宫内膜组织中DLL4、MMP9蛋白阳性表达率分别为28%、32%,两者相比,P均<0. 01。EP组25例绝经后患者EP组织中DLL4、MMP9蛋白阳性表达率分别为80%、76%,对照组25例绝经后患者正常子宫内膜组织中DLL4、MMP9蛋白阳性表达率分别为36%、40%,两者相比,P均<0. 05。结论围绝经期EP组织中DLL4和MMP9呈高表达状态,DLL4、MMP9可能与EP的发生发展有关。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

心肌细胞糖脂代谢紊乱、钙调节异常、氧自由基损伤等是引起糖尿病心肌病的主要原因。牛磺酸是一种含硫的β氨基酸，可通过抑制胰岛B细胞凋亡、提高脂蛋白酯酶的活性而调节糖脂代谢紊乱，清除氧自由基并减轻氧化应激，阻断心肌细胞膜上的电压依赖性Ca2＋通道，加速Ca2＋清除、抑制Ca2＋超载，并减轻AngⅡ引起的心肌细胞损害，从而对糖尿病患者的心肌细胞起到保护作用。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shandong Medical Journal is the property of Shandong Medical Health Newspapers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)