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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of primary and secondary appraisal, and of coping strategies, on daily stress, taking into account any possible effect of the big five personality traits. Over 10 days, a cohort of 122 people filled out an on-line diary in which they recorded the most important stressful event each day, their primary and secondary appraisal of this, and how they coped with it. The results indicate that negative affect is influenced by a high degree of primary appraisal, limited secondary appraisal and a high rate of refusal, with no significant influence of personality traits. Positive affect is mainly influenced by a lower extent of primary appraisal, more secondary appraisal, and by a low rate of refusal and of social support seeking. Moreover, a low level of neuroticism was a predictor of greater positive affect. These data are discussed, highlighting the importance of a situational assessment of stressful episodes at each moment to not only understand the effects of stress on health but also, to develop effective interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The depressed mood has more and more presence in our current society. It is urgent to explore ways not only to deal with depressed mood but also to prevent it. Divergent thinking could be useful in such prevention. Certain coping strategies could mediate the relationship between divergent thinking and depressed mood. Two are the most feasible ways of connection: active problem-focused coping (like problem-solving or positive reappraisal strategies) and decreasing the odds of emotionfocused coping (like negative self-focused coping strategies). The objective of this study is to test a theoretical model that establishes the indirect relationship of divergent thinking on depressed mood. Participants were 135 subjects with ages ranging between 18 and 25 years old. The statistical analysis included structural equations modeling. The initial model led to a final model endorsed by the goodness of fit. Comparative Fit Indices for this model were: CFI = .951, GFI = .960, RMSEA = .067. This model supports a positive relationship between divergent thinking and positive reappraisal and a negative link between this kind of thinking and negative self-focused coping. Both coping strategies are connected to depressed mood. Divergent thinking can facilitate a positive reappraisal that helps to widen youngers' repertoire of options. It can also reduce the probability of focusing on immediate and uncontrolled emotional expression, feelings of helplessness, and resignation. In one form or another, divergent thinking can promote coping strategies that can serve as a prophylaxis for hopelessness in young adults that is generally related to depressed mood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary Goal: During the pandemic, the application of social distancing resulting in vulnerable populations becoming one of the groups experiencing the worst impacts, especially those who are children, pregnant women, and older adults. The purpose of this study is to analyze the obstacles encountered by these vulnerable populations. Methods: This study uses a literature search method on several databases, namely CINAHL, Proquest, Wiley, and ScienceDirect, in the 2015-2020 period. Results: The search resulted in 17 articles. The critical review carried out followed the Critical Appraisal Skills Program guidelines from Cochrane. This study's results were pandemic conditions that occur over a long period can affect vulnerable populations in society, consisting of children, pregnant women, and older adults. Vulnerable people have various coping mechanisms and are significantly affected by the presence or absence of social support from family, community, and the Government. Conclusions: The importance of the Government's role in paying attention to the quality of specific health services for vulnerable populations can improve these populations' welfare and health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coping strategies used play an essential role in the adaptation to changes in older adults, and personality traits are important predictors of these strategies. The aim of this study is to analyse what traits predict different coping strategies in older adults. Participants were 226 older adults (60 to 88 years old). Data on personality and coping strategies were obtained through the NEO-FFI and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models were conducted. Neuroticism positively predicted emotion-oriented strategies: negative self-focused, overtemotional expression, avoidance, and religious. Openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness positively predicted problem-oriented coping strategies: openness to experience (problem-solving focused), agreeableness (positive reappraisal), and conscientiousness (problemsolving focused and positive reappraisal). In addition, agreeableness and conscientiousness negatively predicted emotion-oriented strategies: overtemotional expression and negative self-focused. Extraversion did not predict any coping strategy. These findings show that neuroticism is a maladaptive trait during aging, whereas openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness are adaptive traits in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosocial behavior and family environment variables (attachment to the mother and father and abandonment by the mother and father), personal variables (emotional instability, aggression, and coping strategies), and variables that relate to the immediate social environment (peer acceptance and rejection). This study also examined the predictors of prosocial behavior. Prosocial behavior is a personal protective factor that encourages positive relationships between peers and promotes personal and social adjustment behaviors (Mikolajewski, Chavarria, Moltisanti, Hart & Taylor, 2014). A study with a sample of 1,447 children (50.4% male and 49.6% female) aged between 7 and 12 years (M = 9.27; SD = 1.36) was conducted. The results confirmed the positive relationships between pro-social behavior and parental attachment, functional coping, and peer acceptance. The results also confirmed the negative relationships between prosocial behavior and abandonment by the parents, emotional instability, aggression, dysfunctional coping, and peer rejection. The positive predictor variables for prosocial behavior were attachment to the mother, functional coping, and expectations of peer acceptance. The negative predictor variables for prosocial behavior were emotional instability, physical and verbal aggression, and expectations of peer rejection. The findings have educational implications, which are discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stoicism has been used to describe a wide range of behaviors in the face of disease that go from silence, resistance to the adversity, or 'to make the best of a bad disease'. This study pursued two objectives: 1) analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the LSS; 2) assess the relation between stoicism and gender, age, and the five-factor personality model. NEOcoping is a prospective, multicenter, observational, non-interventionist study. Patients were recruited consecutively at thirteen Spanish teaching hospitals. The following scales were administered: Liverpool Stoicism Scale (LSS) and Big Five Inventory (BFI-10). A total of 443 patients (250 females) with a mean age of 59.8 years (SD =12.3) were enrolled. Colon cancer was the most common, followed by breast cancer. At the total-scale level, mean LSS was lower than the originally reported British sample. The four-factor structure fitted the data well, had a clear interpretation, and the derived scales showed acceptable reliabilities. The personality trait of introversion predicted 4.1% of the variance of stoicism (/K.001). Even though it needs to be improved, the LSS scale demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties to appraise stoicism in the Spanish population with resected cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Exploring the evolution of coping and adaptation strategies by 11 cases of adults who had suffered traffic accident-related musculoskeletal trauma during their stay in hospital at Clínica Universidad de la Sabana during 2015. Methods: Studying the aforementioned cases enabled describing and comparing the 11 patients' coping and adaptation strategies. The abridged Spanish version of Roy's Coping Adaptation Processing Scale (CAPS) was used for measuring such strategies; it was used on patient admission to and discharge from hospital. This research took the relevant ethical principles into account; the patients gave their written informed consent and the Universidad de la Sabana and its hospital where the study was carried out authorised the study (i.e. the Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation's Research Subcommittee). Results: This study's findings showed that eight of the eleven cases maintained a high coping ability, or improved from moderate (on admission to hospital) to high level ability (on discharge). Conclusion: Problem-centred coping and adaptation strategies were involved in most cases. Patients approached this through resolving situation-related questions before acting, using past experiences considered useful, adopting new skills to cope with difficult situations and using alternative solutions and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess emotional variables (anxiety, depression), cognitive variables (catastrophizing, perceived self-efficacy) and behavioral variables (coping); to know in what way these kind of variables influence health-related quality of life in people with chronic conditions; analyze if there are significant differences depending on gender or chronic disease diagnosis on psychological variables mentioned; to detect if significant differences exist in the different dimensions of health-related quality of life between normal population and people with chronic disease. Method: Descriptive-correlational study made in February and March 2015 in which 35 people participated with different diagnoses of chronic disease. 24 of them (68.6%) were female and 11 (31.4%) were males. Results: The results obtained suggest that emotional variables affect health-related quality of life, as well as perceived self-efficacy and coping strategies. We also find that people who was assessed showed significantly lower levels in health-related quality of life than general population, and that it seem to exist few differences in the variables studied between people with different diagnosis and between men and women. Conclusions: Psychological variables play an important role in the quality of life of people with chronic diseases. This shows the importance of addressed these kind of aspects. The results are consistent with others found in previous studies. Further research is needed with larger samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) in a sample of 243 older people age 55 to 99 years old. The first order factorial structure was similar to the structure of the original version of the CSI and to the Spanish adaptation with general population. Furthermore high levels of internal consistency and of convergent validity were observed in the different primary scales. Nevertheless the problem avoidance scale did not surpass the validity and reliability tests. Due to it we propose to delete two of the items of this scale. On the other hand, in this study we confirmed the secondary and tertiary structure obtained in the original version of the inventory that was neither confirmed in the Spanish adaptation study nor the other studies on the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the CSI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to assess an intervention program to reduce the impact of stigma on people with HIV and to enable them to cope with it. A quasi-experimental design, with non-equivalent control group and pre- and posttest was used. Participants were 221 people with HIV, of whom 164 received the intervention and 56 made up the non-equivalent control groups. The dependent variables were perception of stigma--enacted and internalized--, self-esteem, perception of self-efficacy, strategies used to cope with stigma--primary control, secondary control, and avoidance--and quality of life. Analysis of variance (MANOVAS and ANOVAS) was conducted to determine pretest differences and differential scores in both groups, and analysis of covariance (MANCOVAS and ANCOVAS) was performed to assess the efficacy of the program. The results showed reduction of perceived stigma and avoidance strategies and an increase in perceived self-efficacy to cope with stigma, disposition to use approach strategies, self-esteem, and quality of life. These results indicate that it is possible to train people with HIV to cope with stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the strategies for coping with health problems in advanced old age and their contribution in terms of several performance results. 159 people aged 75 or over and living at home identified their most recent health problem, the strategies used to deal with it, their perception of self-efficacy in handling the problem and their degree of satisfaction with life. The results confirm the use of a range of strategies, with the active-behavioural approach to solving the problem being the one most widely used. In addition, together with active coping strategies of both a cognitive and behavioural nature, correlational analyses indicate that very old people resort to passive and avoidance coping methods. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses highlight the fact that the use of direct and rational actions tor solving health problems predicts self-efficacy in dealing with the problem and protects satisfaction with life at this stage. These results confirm that very old people retain the ability to deal effectively with their health problems and, at the same time, uphold their well-being, providing evidence of the adaptive role of coping in very old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in cancer has been related to several protective and risk factors such as perceived social support (PSS) and coping. However, their effects on HRQoL once patients are in survivorship have not been fully described in pediatric samples. Objective: To describe and explore the relationship between HRQoL in survivorship and some factors (PSS, coping) present while active treatment. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Forty-one pediatric cancer survivors answered HRQoL measures referred to survivorship, as well as PSS and coping measures referred to treatment period. Results: The discriminant function obtained succeeds to correctly classify 78% of the sample. Survivors who showed high HRQoL were those who, in the hardest moment while hospitalization, perceived satisfactory emotional support (from nurses) and did not deploy a wide range of active coping resources to cope with stressful events (only social action coping strategy showed a significant relationship with HRQoL). Conclusions and implications: Considering these outcomes, educational and counseling interventions to strengthen patients' social networks and supportive relationships are recommended, specially, among health providers (nurses). These results highlight the importance of not overlooking opportunities to address the emotional needs of patients while hospitalization, since a positive and endurable effect has been observed at survivorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positivity construct refers to the propensity to think positively about oneself, life and the future, being closely related to wellbeing and health. Moreover, coping strategies used to manage stress have an important role in the development of mental health problems, one of which is adjustment disorder (AD). The aim of this study was: Firsdy, to analyze the differences in positivity, coping, and some relevant socio-demographic variables between the clinical (formed by patients with AD; N=57) and the control (N=66) groups; and secondly, to analyze whether these variables could predict, using binary logistic regression, the participants' membership to the clinical or the control group. The clinical group showed less positivity and a greater use of disengagement strategies compared to the control group. Furthermore, the variables assessed were able to predict the clinical or control group membership with a 91% of success rate. The main risk factors to belong to the clinical group were the use of social support coping and disengagement strategies; whereas active employment status, the use of humor, positivity and younger age decreased this risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have linked coping with personal wellbeing. However, there is no research evidence analyzing this relationship in the Spanish population using Cummins' model (1997). The aim of this study was to know the level of personal wellbeing of a sample of adolescents and to analyze the relationship between coping strategies and styles and personal well-being. With that purpose in mind, the Personal Well Being Index (PWI) and the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS) have been administered to a sample of 656 adolescents aged between 11 and 17. The results allow identifying the effect of age and gender on personal wellbeing. Those coping strategies centered on focusing on the positive, physical recreation, working hard and achieving are associated to higher personal wellbeing while self-blaming and keeping to self are with lower personal wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the presence of cognitive complaints in young adults has been related with attentional and executive deficit profiles, alt-hough not pathognomonic, which seem to justify the occurrence of every-day errors. This study aims to analyze whether the occurrence of such complaints and their magnitude are associated with a slighdy dysexecutive and inattentive neuropsychological profile. On the other hand, we study whether these complaints are also related to increases in perceived stress, so that such increases could function as triggers of complaints. A neuro-psychological battery and Memory Failures Everyday, Dysexecutive Ques-tionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale were administered to a sample of 99 nonclinical participants. The results suggest that individuals in the general population who have cognitive complaints show, first, lower attentional, mnemonic and executive ratings and, second, increased prefrontal type symptoms. It is suggested that this cognitive profile makes them more prone to increase these deficits due to increases in perceived stress, which are perceived as memory impairment without stricdy being it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One's attitude toward and fear of death in the nursing field can determine the quality of care that a dying patient receives, which makes this topic an important one to consider and discuss. It is necessary for one to learn to perceive death as a natural process. Healthcare workers treat dying patients, interpreting the phenomenon of death as well as death itself through their own personal lens and breadth of understanding. Training in thanatology and palliative care is scarcely and irregularly included in regular academic curricula. The objective of this study is to analyze the contributions of 3rd-year nursing students on the subject of palliative care upon writing a reflective journal entry about an article that surrounds a nurse's view on the process of dying. Phenomenology was used as a methodological instrument which intended to inductively draw up a standardized explanation of the phenomenon of death through the students' expressed thoughts on the matter. Relating to the attitudes that nurses that work with the terminally ill have towards death, the following facts stand out as impactful: lack of preparation, ineffective coping, and personal fears, values, and beliefs. Additionally, uneasiness associated with the use of life support and the care team's obstinate insistence on saving what cannot be saved is predominant. The results emphasize a very elevated level of the nurse's emotional involvement in caring for a dying patient. Specific preparation geared toward a better adaptation in working with terminal patients has been identified as a fundamental pillar for nurses in this line of work. Personal interest and emphasis on occupational excellence also stand out as influential factors. It is very important to analyze the problems regarding this "environment of death" and its impact on nursing students. Qualitative research in this field could be a useful tool in detecting worries and uncertainties surrounding this matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this descriptive correlation study was to determine the relation between coping styles, psychiatric family history, perceived health levels; body mass index, gender, body figure perception, depression and the risk of develop an eating behavior disorders. The sample was composed with 300 university students and those students were selected by two methods: stratified and convenience groups. In order to obtain data, it has been administered the General Information Checklist, Eating Behaviors Brief Scale EAT - 26 M, Coping Styles Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Dispositional Optimism Test and the Body Perception Checklist. For data analysis, it has been used structural equations. Results showed that psychiatric family history, gender, desire to reduce weight, satisfaction with body image, avoidance coping style and depression predicts the risk of develop an eating behavior disorder. Results were discussed and some limitations of this research were pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]