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This paper analyzes climate change and its impact on river discharge. This issue is very well studied worldwide, but in Serbia so far has been poorly studied. The first part of the paper presents the views of two different opinions, those who favored anthropogenic impact on the increasing greenhouse effect, and those who say that this is due to natural factors. Most attention is paid to changes in temperature and precipitation patterns. Classification by the group of those who favor the promotion of natural phenomena is demonstrated through the analysis of river flow fluctuations in the hydrological gauge Beli brod located on Kolubara River.

Incomplete definitions of geodiversity and geoheritage caused the domination of clearly geological approach to these scientific problems. That is the reason why some of the integral elements of geographical environment were neglected. Wrong theoretical assumptions reflected negatively the determination and advancement of this scientific discipline. The reasons for such condition are mentioned in the paper, as well as the necessity of different and more comprehensive perspective of geodiversity and geoheritage, by which the directions of the future development are implied. .

Until recently hydrological heritage has practically existed in science neither as an idea nor a subject. Definitions of the main terms, general classification of hydrological heritage, as well as expanded classification of hydrological heritage of Serbia are presented in the paper which is the starting point needed for further determination of new direction in hydrology and geoheritage. The paper has also pointed to the key reasons for the previous unfavourable status of hydrological heritage and its scientific and national significance, as well as the necessity of its existence and complex development.

The examples from Kosovo and Metohia attempted to point to some problems in the domain of hydrogeographic regionalization. The river water regime, especially the phase of high flows which marks this regime, has been the topic of almost all researches which treat water resources of drainage basins. However, the thing that has not been achieved till now is the unique solution by which the classification of rivers would be made according to this feature. On this example it has been shown that even some older methods, based on genetic analysis of hydrograms and of global type, as well as some recent ones, with lot of quantitative entry and regional approaches, cannot with certainty answer all the challenges which river regimes bring with themselves. This work shows that apart from climate, orographic and physiognomic features of drainage basins, the periods of data processing and the analysis of individual intra-annual series of discharges are very important as well. Discretization on time periods shorter than one month, as well as elimination of the extreme values of discharges in the longtime series is recommended for the future research.

Although physical geography has a long tradition, its faster development started since the establishing of Geography Institute in 1893. At first geomorphology was developed, then climatology, mathematical geography and hydrology and much later biogeography and paleogeography. In the past period, the schedule of physically geographical subjects didn't change much but as for scientific development, physical geography is in constant ascent. Through basic and graduate studies, it trains young geography staff for scientific research, but also for practical work in various fields of social life.