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Background: Injury of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is a rare but critical complication. There are several reports on endovascular treatment of ICA injury during TSS. With the recent flourishing of extended TSS, injuries to the distal arteries such as the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) are more likely to occur. Case Description: In the present case, we report a pseudoaneurysm of the right ACA due to injury during extended TSS for aggressive prolactinoma. Due to the absence of collateral vessels, the pseudoaneurysm had to be obliterated while preserving the parent artery. Hence, we decided to treat the pseudoaneurysm using stent-assisted coiling (SAC). The pseudoaneurysm was completely obliterated and he was discharged without any complications. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in which an ACA pseudoaneurysm caused by injury during the TSS was treated with SAC and the parent artery was preserved.

BACKGROUND: A successfully applied clip for a ruptured aneurysm keeps the aneurysm's neck closed, preventing rerupture throughout the patient's life. Unfortunately, rebleeding from a clipped aneurysm does occur, but the likelihood declines with time. Since relatively old people suffer from subarachnoid hemorrhage, they die from diseases other than rebleeding, such as cancer. Therefore, rebleeding from a clipped aneurysm after two decades is quite rare. CASE DESCRIPTION: Here, we report 2 cases of rerupture after an extremely long time since the initial clipping. In both cases, the old clip was removed, and the regrown gourd-shaped aneurysm was successfully obliterated. The clips in both cases were submitted to their manufacturers and inspected thoroughly. They were found to be second-generation, stainless steel clips, and were almost intact, even keeping their closing forces. In both cases, the clip existed on the surface of the newly made dome, and the previous dome completely disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: We experienced 2 cases of rebleeding from the clipped aneurysm after 35 years. In one of the cases, the clip was a Yasargil second generation stainless steel clip that retained its mechanical properties and surface elemental composition in vivo for a long time. These cases should be informative as they show extremely long-term course of a clip applied for a ruptured aneurysm.

Background: There are limited indications for superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA–MCA) bypass in the treatment of cerebral atherosclerotic disease. However, recent reports emphasize that STA–MCA bypass may be beneficial for select patients. In this report, we describe a case in which a flow-dependent STA–MCA bypass was achieved in a patient with unstable internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Case Description: A 51-year-old woman presented with left ICA occlusion. A severely elongated mean transit time (MTT) indicated misery perfusion. STA–MCA bypass was performed immediately and blood flow through the graft appeared excellent on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Two weeks later, MRA revealed normal anterograde ICA blood flow and the bypass graft was not visible. Three years later, the left ICA stenosis again became severe and the patient developed contralateral hemiparesis. She underwent endovascular surgery and the ipsilateral MCA became occluded during the procedure. The STA–MCA bypass graft appeared immediately after the MCA occlusion and became a major provider of blood flow to the ipsilateral MCA area. She recovered with almost no deficit. Conclusion: This is a rare case which shows that dynamic flow changes through an STA–MCA bypass can occur with variable ICA blood flow. STA–MCA bypass can be beneficial for the treatment of unstable ICA stenosis.