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Background: For countries with limited resources such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the diagnosis of Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is still insufficient. The MDR-TB identification is done primarily among at-risk groups. The knowledge of the true extent of the MDR-TB remains a major challenge. This study tries to determine the proportion of MDR-TB in each group of presumptive MDR-TB patients and to identify some associated factors. Methods: This is an analysis of the DRC surveillance between 2007 and 2016. The proportions were expressed in Percentage. The logistic regression permits to identify the associated factors with the RR-/MDR-TB with adjusted Odds-ratio and 95% CI. Significance defined as p ≤ 0.05. Results: Overall, 83% (5407/6512) of the MDR-TB presumptive cases had each a TB test. 86.5% (4676/5407) had each a culture and drug sensitive testing (DST) on solid medium, and 24.3% (1312/5407) had performed an Xpert MTB/RIF test. The proportion of those with at least one first-line drug resistance was 59.3% [95% CI 57.2 - 61.4] among which 50.1%, [95% CI 47.9 - 52.3] for the isoniazid, 45.6% [95% CI 43.4 - 47.8] for the rifampicin, 49.9% [95% CI 47.8 - 52.1] for ethambutol and 35.8% [95% CI 33.7 - 37.9] for streptomycin. The confirmation of MDR-TB was 42.8% [95% CI 38.4 - 47.8]. Combining both tests, the proportion of RR-/MDR-TB was 49.6% [95% CI 47.9 - 51.4] for all presumptives. This proportion was 60.0% for failures, 40.7% for relapses and 34.7% for defaulters. Associated factors with the diagnosis of MDR-TB were: aged less than 35 years; prior treatment failure; defaulters; the delay between the collection of sputum and the test completion. Conclusion: The proportion of RR-/MDR-TB among the presumptives has been higher than those estimated generally. The National tuberculosis programme (NTP) should improve patient follow-up to reduce TB treatment failures and defaulting. Moreover, while increasing the use of molecular tests, they should reduce sample delivery times when they use culture and DST concomitantly.

The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the countries with a high preva-lence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Africa and worldwide. This study aims to describe the trends and level of screening since 2013. This is a retrospective descriptive study based on quarterly reports from the provinces. The number of cases, past histories, age, sex and HIV Co-infection was identi-fied. It emerges that the number of cases increases significantly but does not reach the forecasts yet (912 cases of MDR/RR and XDR diagnosed in 2017 out of 3948 cases expected with a gap of 77%). Patients with a history of TB pre-dominate (63.5% in 2017); but the proportion of patients with no history of TB increases (36.5% in 2017). This suggests high rates among contacts. Women (37.8%) and children under 15 (2.7%) are less represented. TB/HIV Co-infection is 12% as for sensitive cases. Efforts still need to be made to improve screening.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of “strength-velocity” training on the evolution of some cardiorespiratory parameters in postpubertal judoists of the Congolese national elite. Methods: The survey, exploratory, experimental and longitudinal, was about 14 boys, belonging to seven categories of weight of the International Federation of Judo. These judoists, at the level belonged to stages 3, 4 and 5 of the classification to Tanner, of pubertal maturation. Their median age was 16 years (range: 15 - 17 years). All topics have been submitted to “strength-velocity” training, focused around exercises bound to the development of the power and automatisms, from plyometric and isometric training. Three assessments have been realized in the beginning, to mid-training (3 months) and at the end of the program (6 months). The measured values were cardiorespiratory parameters. Results: The heart rate to the doorstep was decreased significantly (p = 0.048), so VO2 max (p = 0.046), FVC (p = 0.0244) and ratio VEMS/FVC (p = 0.046) as function of pubertal stage. In contrast, increase was not significant for VEMS (p = 0.205) and absolute VO2 to doorstep (p = 0.097). No significant effect of pubertal state on respiratory frequency was found. On the other hand, strength-velocity training improved cardiorespiratory data. To the recovery of the “strength-velocity test”, the decrease of the VO2 took place more quickly that the one of the VE, the VCO2 and the HR, variations linked to the category of topic weight. Conclusion: Among high level Congolese postpubertal judoists, the cardiorespiratory modifications induce faculty to the realization of a good performance and pursue objectives of health. However, it is necessary to be heedful as for situations to put in place in sittings at the time of such of “strength-velocity” training.