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Ankle fractures are common injuries that require meticulous technique in order to optimise outcome. The Lauge-Hansen and Danis-Weber classifications in addition to careful evaluation of the injury mechanism can help guide treatment but surgeons must be aware that there are injury patterns that will not always fit the afore mentioned patterns. The principles of atraumatic soft tissue handling, rigid internal fixation and early range of motion exercises are critical for successfully treating these injuries. There are still areas of treatment uncertainty and future directed research is needed in order to address some of these questions.

In this article the following areas will be reviewed; the anatomy of the midfoot; mechanisms of injury and current classification systems; diagnosis; treatment options and the evidence for current practice; areas of treatment uncertainty and recommended guidelines for management.