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Influenza pandemics are related to the viral flow of wild and migratory birds, passing to pigs and poultry (intermediate hosts), which would end up infecting humans. Process management through Good Farming Practices for animal production and Animal Welfare should be important preventive measures to avoid this contagion. In coronaviruses and Ebola there are ancestral hosts (such as bats) and intermediate hosts (such as Civettictis civetta or Paradoxurus hermaphroditus for SARS-CoV-1, dromedaries for MERS-CoV, and snakes and Manis javanica for SARS-CoV-2). In its natural state the inter-specie jump would take much longer to occur; however, the existence of wet markets, where animals are traded, would have allowed viruses to find a new host in humans. In addition to pneumonia, the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 produces temporary discomfort, such as diarrhea, due to the abundance of the ACE-2 receptor in both lung cells and enterocytes, where its replication would increase the probability of transmission by the fecal-oral route. This risk could be minimized by improving Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) procedures in the food industry. Future research should clarify the relationship between viruses and their hosts, as well as the effect of climate change and proteins availability for human consumption, on these pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes a methodology to detect and quantify in real time the presence of Salmonella sp. in llama meat (Llama glama) using qPCR, the method was validated through the plate count. The method consisted of detecting the presence or absence of Salmonella sp. in llama meat samples, the positive results were identified by the Rapid ONE accelerated biochemical system, finally the identification results were confirmed by real-time PCR, using a forward and reverse primer of the invA gene, as well as a fluorescent probe anchored to a fragment of the invA gene. Finally, 17 samples of llama meat were quantified, resulting in 53.13% of the samples being contaminated by Salmonella sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the purpose of evaluating the debittering of the seed cake of Moringa, they were pressed in order to obtain oil and cake. The cake was subjected to a treatment in saline solution (Cake SS) and ethanol (Cake OH) and its characteristics were compared with that of a Witness Cake. In each sample, in triplicate, the proximal analysis, the Biological Value, true digestibility, amino acid composition and the Amino Acid Score Corrected by Protein Digestibility (PDCAAS) were determined, as well as the tannins, saponins, phytates and cyanides. The content of protein in the Control Cake was 43.82%, in the SS Cake was 32.57% and in the OH Cake was 63.69%. The Biological Value of the Test Cake was 20.6; of the SS Cake was 24.3 and for the OH Cake was 56.9, demonstrating the advantage of the treatment with ethanol. Regarding the PDCAAS in the Testigo Cake scores of 115.46, 102.46, 142.79, 342.73, 125.71 and 110.00 for histidine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine, respectively, were higher compared to the debittered samples, however, the benefits of debittering, were observed in the elimination of 90% of tannins and 100% of phytates although the cyanides could not be removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship of ochratoxin A (OTA) with good hygiene practices (BPH) in coffee plantations in Amazonas-Cajamarca, Cusco, Junin, Puno and San Martin was evaluated, using samples of parchment coffee (Coffea arabica L.) from the main processing and storage plants. Fulfillment of good hygiene practices (GHP) were verified through the sanitary evaluation of the coffee storage places, based on a checklist with all the requisites based in the Codex Alimentarius and the national regulation. OTA were analyzed using the fluorometric method. Moisture level were measured using the Peruvian Technical Guidelines. Fulfillment level of the good hygiene practices registered statistically equal values with an average of 68.1% being Puno the region with the best numeric register (70.3%). Moisture in the producing areas did not show statistically differences (p = 0.759), being lower compared with the international standards (11.5% vs 12.5%, respectively). It was found that higher OTA levels are associated with coffee with higher moisture contents (p = 0.023), being significantly higher in samples with moisture above the national and international regulation. Also, were found a negative correlation (p = 0.003) between the good hygiene practices and OTA which links the higher fulfillment of the hygiene guidelines with lower occurrence of mycotoxins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]