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A clinical form of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was caused in order to monitor the concentration of enzymes (alanine aminotransferase - ALT, aspartate aminotransferase - AST, lactate dehydrogenase - LDH, amylase and creatine kinase - CK) in the rat blood. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats, weighing on average 215±25 g. The rats were divided into four groups. In the first three groups (n=28 per group), sepsis was induced by pure culture of Escherichia coli (EC) or Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and mixed culture (MK) of caecum, while the fourth group included 20 control rats who underwent an abdominal incision. Blood was taken in time intervals of 12, 24, 72 and 120 hours. During the experimental protocol, we identified significant changes of all monitored enzymes in the serum of infected rats. After a period of 12 hours there was a significant increase in ALT (all rats with sepsis), AST and LDH (rats in the MK group) levels, while a decrease was noted in the concentration of amylase (EC, SA). Similarly, 24 hours after the CLP procedure, a significant decrease of amylase (MK) and AST (SA) was recorded, while serum LDH level varied significantly from elevated (EC, SA) to reduced (MC) values. Finally, at the time intervals of 72 and 120 hours the concentration of nearly all monitored enzymes has shown a decline, while significance was noted in lowering of ALT (MK), AST (SA, EC) and amylase (SA) levels. Statistical significance could not be observed in the change of CK levels at any of examined time points. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31071 i br. TR 31079]

The possibilities of use of microbial phytase in maize/soybean meal diets for broilers from 21 to 42 days of age with different dietary total and available phosphorus (TP and AP) levels were investigated. A 22-day experiment was carried out on 240 Arbor Acres broilers of both sexes divided into six groups. The broilers were given diets with 0.43%, 0.23% or 0.10% AP, with or without phytase supplementation. During the experiment, health status and mortality, physical, chemical and morphological bone characteristics were investigated. Reduction of the mineral source of P from the diet increased mortality and health problems. Addition of phytase decreased mortality and alleviated negative effects of dicalcium phosphate exclusion. Histological, physical and chemical analysis of broiler tibia indicates that the extent and significance of changes depend on P deficiency and phytase addition. Phytase efficacy was greater in diets with a reduced level of dicalcium phosphate.

The goal of this work was to induce clinical sepsis in rats in order to measure the following biochemical parameters (glucoses, triglycerides, cholesterol, total proteins, albumins and creatinine). The experiments were done on 104 male Wistar rats, body weight 190 to 240 g. The rats were divided in four groups. Treated groups consisted of 28 animals while in the control groups there were 20 animals. Animals were observed and sacrificed at 12, 24, 72 and 120 hours after surgery. In this model of sepsis (cecal ligation and puncture - CLP) with pure and mixed bacterial cultures, significant changes were noticed in all biochemical parameters. Significant hypoglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, decreased concentration of urea and increased concentration of creatinine were found in the first half of the experiment in all groups of rats with sepsis (at 12 and 24 hours). Hyperproteinemia and hypotriglyceridemia reached statistically significant values at 24 h in the groups of rats in which sepsis was induced with pure bacteria culture. In the other half of the experiment significant hypoalbuminemia was found in all rats with sepsis (at 71 and 120 h). [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31071]

Campylobacteria are widely distributed in domestic and wild animals. Avian species are the most common host of campylobacteria, thus an important source for human infection caused by this organism. Campylobacteriosis in animals frequently proceeds without clinical symptoms, which may be due to the different virulence of the agent, as well as to the immune status of the infected animal. In this trial we investigated the effects of the vaccine against infective bursal disease (IBD) on occurrence and clinical manifestation of campylobacteriosis in conditions of controlled experimental infection with the strain Campylobacter jejuni. The immunosuppressive effects of a live attenuated vaccine against IBD on development of clinically manifest campylobacteriosis in perorally challenged chickens were assessed. The investigation was performed on 90 chickens in experimental conditions. The presence of Campylobacter jejuni was confirmed by reisolation, while identification of the organism was performed on the basis of its morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Specific antibody titer and humoral immune response to C. jejuni specific antibodies were monitored using the complement fixation reaction method. Clinical symptoms of the disease were observed in chickens infected with Campylobacter jejuni and vaccinated against infective bursal disease. Pathomorphological findings revealed changes in the intestines and liver, from which Campylobacter jejuni was isolated. C. jejuni specific antibodies were detected in the infected birds in the third week post infection, with titer values ranging from 1:4 to 1:16. Results of our research strongly imply an immunosuppressive effect of the IBD vaccine on development of campylobacteriosis, which is supported by the clinical and morphological findings, i.e. isolation of the agent and detection of specific antibodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clinical form of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was caused in order to monitor the concentration of enzymes (alanine aminotransferase - ALT, aspartate aminotransferase - AST, lactate dehydrogenase - LDH, amylase and creatine kinase - CK) in the rat blood. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats, weighing on average 215±25 g. The rats were divided into four groups. In the first three groups (n=28 per group), sepsis was induced by pure culture of Escherichia coli (EC) or Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and mixed culture (MK) of caecum, while the fourth group included 20 control rats who underwent an abdominal incision. Blood was taken in time intervals of 12, 24, 72 and 120 hours. During the experimental protocol, we identified significant changes of all monitored enzymes in the serum of infected rats. After a period of 12 hours there was a significant increase in ALT (all rats with sepsis), AST and LDH (rats in the MK group) levels, while a decrease was noted in the concentration of amylase (EC, SA). Similarly, 24 hours after the CLP procedure, a significant decrease of amylase (MK) and AST (SA) was recorded, while serum LDH level varied significantly from elevated (EC, SA) to reduced (MC) values. Finally, at the time intervals of 72 and 120 hours the concentration of nearly all monitored enzymes has shown a decline, while significance was noted in lowering of ALT (MK), AST (SA, EC) and amylase (SA) levels. Statistical significance could not be observed in the change of CK levels at any of examined time points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibilities of use of microbial phytase in maize/soybean meal diets for broilers from 21 to 42 days of age with different dietary total and available phosphorus (TP and AP) levels were investigated. A 22-day experiment was carried out on 240 Arbor Acres broilers of both sexes divided into six groups. The broilers were given diets with 0.43%, 0.23% or 0.10% AP, with or without phytase supplementation. During the experiment, health status and mortality, physical, chemical and morphological bone characteristics were investigated. Reduction of the mineral source of P from the diet increased mortality and health problems. Addition of phytase decreased mortality and alleviated negative effects of dicalcium phosphate exclusion. Histological, physical and chemical analysis of broiler tibia indicates that the extent and significance of changes depend on P deficiency and phytase addition. Phytase efficacy was greater in diets with a reduced level of dicalcium phosphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]