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Background: The esthetic proportion gauge developed by Chu is using a 78% recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion and it is based on evaluating the size and proportion of frontal teeth chairside.

Background: The most common dental materials are resin composite direct restorative materials and dentin adhesives, which are marketed with different techniques, application recommendations, and compositions, making it difficult to choose the most suitable material and method for different cases.

Introduction: In our modern society, burnout syndrome develops over a long period of time because of constant stress and increased emotional pressure. Dentistry is known as one of the most stressful professions. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of burnout syndrome among dentists in Mureș County, Romania, and to assess the determining factors associated with burnout. Material and methods: We conducted an online survey regarding burn-out syndrome among dentists. Results: The most frequent complaint among respondents was the loss of personal accomplishment, followed by emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were seen in non-married, male dentists between 51–60 years, who worked more than 8 hours a day without an assistant. Conclusions: Based on the presented data, the risk factors for burnout syndrome should be brought to the attention of dentists and various preventive programs should be implemented.

Background: Allergy is one of the most widespread diseases in this century. Allergy-causing materials used in dentistry are most frequently metals, such as nickel, cobalt, palladium, and amalgam, certain components of dental composites, denture resin materials, and even certain mouthwash components. The aim of this study was to assess dentists’ experience regarding allergies occurring in their practice among patients and among dental team members.

Background: Measurement-based studies are prone to measurement errors, which occur at the same operator or between different operators during repeated measurements of the same sample.

Background: Epidemiological studies have reported an increasing prevalence of tooth wear, and general dental practitioners see a greater number of patients seeking treatment with worn dentition. Improper oral hygiene, unhealthy habits, occupational hazards, and potentially erosive processed foods seem to play a major role in the non-carious loss of dental hard tissue. The aim of this study is to assess the factors and cofactors that may play a major role in the genesis of dental attrition, dental abrasion, and, especially, dental erosion.

Background: The need for the whitening effects of toothpastes became primary for most users. Changes in the surface roughness of restoration materials after tooth brushing are inevitable, and the abrasion is known to increase the possibility of dental plaque accumulation. Aim of the study: To evaluate in vitro surface roughness changes of different dental restorative materials after tooth brushing simulation. Material and methods: Fifty specimens of two composite materials (Evicrol, Super-Cor), two glass ionomer materials (Glassfill, Kavitan Cem) and a silicate cement (Fritex) were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each group of specimens was divided in three subgroups for tooth brushing simulation: using two different types of toothpaste and without toothpaste. Before and after 153 hours of tooth brushing simulation with a custom-made device, the surface roughness was measured with a surface roughness tester. Statistical analysis was performed after collecting the data. Results: All materials exhibited changes in surface roughness after the use of both toothpastes. The self-curing composite showed the less change and glass ionomer materials showed the greatest changes in surface roughness. Conclusions: The surface changes of dental materials depended on their composition and the cleaning procedure. Although self-curing composite was the most resistant to surface changes, its surface roughness values were high. Light-curing composite presented the lowest surface roughness values, even after brushing with toothpastes. The “medium” labeled toothbrush caused significant changes without toothpaste on the surface of light-curing composite, glass ionomer and silicate cement materials.

Background: The use of various clear Vacuum Formed Retainers (VFR) is widespread, but there are no comprehensive guidelines on how patients should clean their retainers for optimal aging and plaque removal. Direct comparisons between methods and materials have not been performed. Objective: We examined the change in surface roughness of polypropylene (PP) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials undergoing various cleaning protocols. Material and methods: We conducted a study among individuals who wear vacuumformed retainers, to understand their cleaning habits. After summarizing responses, we created 4 cleaning groups: toothbrushes only, two different types of toothpaste with toothbrushes, and electric toothbrush with toothpaste. We chose to compare the cleaning protocols used by patients under in vitro conditions to eliminate changes caused by human factors. Samples of retainer materials: Copyplast C and Erkoloc-pro were vacuum-molded onto type IV dental stone models. A self-designed and self-fabricated toothbrush simulator was used for 30 days of brushing, 30s each day. Surface roughness (Ra) of the inner surface was measured using a Mitutoyo SJ-310 profilometer. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and t-tests. Results : The initial surface roughness between TPU and PP samples was not significantly different (p=0.199). Use of the Colgate Soft toothbrush alone had a significantly different effect (p=0.02) on the TPU and PP samples, with the TPU material showing a significant change in surface roughness (p=0.008). In addition, the Curaprox Soft toothbrush with Colgate Max White Optic toothpaste significantly altered the surface of the TPU samples (p=0.04). Interestingly, the Colgate Max White Optic toothpaste visibly discolored the TPU samples. The Colgate Soft and Medium toothbrushes combined with Elmex Caries Protection toothpaste significantly abraded the surface of the PP samples, with the TPU material being significantly more wear-resistant to the same protocol. Notably, using the Oral-B Pro3 Cross Action electric toothbrush with Colgate Max White Optic toothpaste showed a significant difference between the TPU and PP samples. Conclusions: Our results showed that different cleaning procedures affected TPU and PP retainer materials differently. TPU samples generally showed a decrease in surface roughness after most cleaning procedures, while PP samples showed an increase in surface roughness. Curaprox Super Soft and Soft toothbrushes with Elmex Caries Protection toothpaste are recommended for optimal cleaning, as they produce less wear than Colgate toothbrushes. Medium and electric toothbrushes and whitening toothpaste should be used with caution. These findings underscore the importance of cleaning method selection to maintain VFR material integrity and hygiene, thereby improving patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic organic compound used as a monomer in the production of polycarbonates, epoxy resin and methacrylate. In dentistry, it can be released during the photopolymerization of dental materials. It is toxic at a certain level and it can influence or produce changes in hormonal activity, asthma, diabetes, obesity, behavior changes, cancer, infertility and genital malformations. Objective: The objective of this review is to assess data regarding the release of BPA from dental materials and its level in the human body as reported in the scientific literature. Material and methods: A review of the scientific literature was performed by searching PubMed database articles, based on the PRISMA guideline for systematic reviews. The key words used to search were "Bisphenol A resin composite toxicity", "Bisphenol A urine dental", "Bisphenol A toxicity dental", "Bisphenol A dental materials HPLC". The newest articles have been selected, between 2019 and 2023. Results : The database issued 98 articles. After the first selection we had 25 articles, after the second selection 16 relevant articles were included in the present review. The extracted datas were the materials and methods, the analysed period and the obtained results. Studies that analysed BPA through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were included. BPA levels were measured from saliva and associated with the use of dental composites and dental sealants. The amount of BPA increased after polymerisation from an average of 2 ng/ml to 35,5 ng/ml in 1 hour and it kept increasing with time. We found no relevant data in the literature regarding levels of BPA in the urine and blood. The studies conducted on specimens of dual cured resin cements did not detect BPA. On the contrary, the ones made on dental composites and compomers concluded that the amount of BPA increases in the first hour after application. The released BPA level depends on the photopolymerization method and it can be decreased by finishing and polishing. The amount of BPA released from dental composites has an average of 2- 35,5 ng/ml. The problem that occurs is that the tolerable daily dose is 0,2 ng/kg of body. Conclusions: Based on the included studies, the amount of BPA released from dental composites depends on different factors and it has an average value bigger than the tolerable daily dose. The release is very high and it can cause changes in the body. BPA can be absorbed in the oral or gastrointestinal mucosa, which can produce systemic toxic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]