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Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory capillariosis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in some regions of Serbia.

This paper describes the first documented case of cattle grub (hypodermosis) in Northern Serbia (Vojvodina). Subcutaneous warbles were determined in a si x year old Simmental cow, at nine places along the spine. After the extirpation of larvae, based on the morphological characterisation, larvae of the third stage of Hypoderma bovis were diagnosed. The cow was administered therapeutic treatment, which had a favorable outcome, with no signs of recurrence. To the authors' best knowledge, the case described in this paper is the first documented case of hypodermosis in cattle in Northern Serbia (Vojvodina). As the climate changed in the past few decades, it is important to pursue detailed investigations of the prevalence of this parasitic myiasis, as there are few such literature data for the Southern region of Serbia. One should also not ignore the fact that species of the genus Hypoderma can cause myiasis in humans as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents clinical diagnostic approaches and therapeutic effects of a specific protocol for the treatment of dogs with cardiovascular dirofilariasis in the Belgrade City (Serbia) territory. The study involved 50 privately owned dogs of different breeds, gender, and age, all showing signs of cardio - respiratory disorders. In addition to a general physical examination, blood tests were done to detect microfilaria and adult forms, and X-ray, ECG, and echocardiography were performed as well. At the first examination, 34 out of 50 examined dogs were positive for microfilaria and adult forms. Because of a lack of drug used as 'the golden standard' in dirofilariasis treatment, it involved a combination of doxycycline (10 mg/kg) and ivermectin (6 μg/kg) supported with Advocate - Bayer spot-on. After six months, the first control was performed while continuing treatment with the aforesaid protocol, and the second control was performed after 12 months. Of the 34 treated dogs, all were negative for microfilaria, as early as after the first six months of the treatment (100%). One dog was positive for adult forms of the parasite after six and 12 months. In echocardiography and X-ray examination after 12 months, six dogs showed evident chronic changes. At controls conducted at sixth month and at one year, the implemented therapy was successful in 97.05% (33/34) of primarily infected dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to detect and establish the expression of the CD57 lymphocyte population in the caecum and caecal tonsils in broilers, immunohistochemical studies of tissue samples of broilers experimentally infected with E. tenella at 21 days of age were carried out. Immunohistochemical investigations were performed with the aid of the avidin-biotin technique (LSAB), by using mouse monoclonal anti- CD57 antibodies. Increased immunoreactivity of the lamina epithelialis, mucosal lamina propria and caecal submucosa was detected as early as two days after infection, increasing at its highest at the end of the fourth day after infection. On the fifth, sixth and seventh day after infection the degree of expression of CD57 lymphocytes in the caecal mucosa of experimental birds decreases. The immunoreactivity of the tissue of the stroma of the mucosal and submucosal lamina propria of the caecal tonsils was most intensive the fourth, sixth and seventh day after infection. A discrete immunoreactivity decrease was present during the fifth day after infection. The so established CD57 lymphocyte population activity in the caecum and caecal tonsils substantiates the existence of NK cytotoxic activity of intraepithelial lymphocytes, as well as the role of these cells in the intestinal mucosa defense mechanisms against intracellular microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]