Search

Cellulase was produced by Cellulomonas uda utilizing banana stem waste by solid state fermentation (SSF). The different parameters effects considered like particle size of substrate, pH(incubation and extraction), incubation period, temperature (incubation and extraction), media components (yeast extract and peptone) and moisture of substrate on the production of cellulase was investigated. The optimum activity of cellulase produced by Cellulomonas uda on banana waste for particle size (6.97 IU/min for 1mm), extraction pH (7.13 IU/min for pH 7), incubation pH(6.97 IU/min for pH 7), extraction temperature (7.10 IU/min for 500C), incubation temperature (7.20 IU/min for 450C), incubation period (7.20 IU/min on 3rd day), moisture content (7.12 IU/min for 100% ), peptone content ( 7.23 IU/min for 0.5 gm) and yeast extract content (7.18 IU/min for 0.30gm) was recorded. The cellulase produced by Cellulomonas uda by using banana stem waste indicates the socio-econic utilization of agricultural waste. After purification and characterization; cellulase enzyme can be used in industrial processes.

Xylanases are enzymes that convert xylan into xylose, xylobiose, and xylotriose. The present study deals with the production and optimization of xylanase through Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) using different agricultural wastes by Aspergillus spp. The Plackett Burman (PB) design was used to screen significant media components affecting the xylanase production. The carbon sources screened were wheat bran, rice bran, sugarcane bagasse, corn cob, and orange peel. The nitrogen sources screened were yeast extract, peptone, (NH4)2SO4, Na2NO3, and urea. Also, nine different salts such as KCl, MgSO4, Na2HPO4, CaCl2, FeSO4, ZnSO4, Na2CO3, KH2PO4, and NaH2PO4 which act as trace elements were screened. The results showed that wheat bran, yeast extract, Na2NO3 and KCl are the significant factors that affect xylanase production. A 33 Full Factorial Design (FFD) was performed to optimize the significant media components (wheat bran, KCl, yeast extract) obtained from PB design using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Statistical analysis of results showed that wheat bran, KCl, yeast extract, and interaction between wheat bran and yeast extract were found to be significant. The optimum concentration of wheat bran, KCl, yeast extract was 8 g/L, 0.1 g/L and 3 g/L. The Partial purification of xylanase was carried out using ammonium salt precipitation and dialysis. Gel filtration chromatography was performed to optimize the elution time, which was found to be 6 minutes. Application of xylanase in orange juice clarification was studied at 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C. The optimum temperature obtained was 60 ºC.

Xylanase is an enzyme that acts on xylan and degrades it into xylose. Xylanase may be produced by several different microbes such as bacteria and fungi. Xylanase has significant applications in food industries for improving dough handling and improving the quality of baked products in the extraction of starch, coffee, and plant oils. Xylanase, along with pectinase and cellulose, has enormous application in the clarification of fruit juices. In the present study, xylanase was produced by solid-state fermentation using lemon peel as substrates. Aspergillus Niger was induced to produce xylanase by frequent sub-culturing on a medium containing 2% xylan. OFAT was analyzed by using several fermentation parameters such as moisture content, particle size, incubation period, incubation temperature, peptone concentration, and pH of the extraction buffer. Under optimized conditions, the maximum xylanase activity was found for particle size of 1.7mm, moisture content of 80%, peptone concentration in nutrient solution at 0.3%, and extraction pH of 7.0. Hence, xylanase can be further subjected to down streaming processes and therefore for various applications.