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The effect of Annona muricata methanol leaf extract (AMELE) on colon antioxidant status and ketone bodies in blood and urine of cycas treated rats was investigated. Seventy male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into seven groups of ten experimental animals in a study that lasted for twenty-eight days. After 28 days, using standard methods, serum and urinary ketone bodies were assayed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidants enzymes in the colon and histopathological analysis were assayed. The results showed ketogenic diet had significant (p

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesic and antioxidant effects of hydromethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata leaf in rodents. Methods: The antioxidant activities were evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) Assay. Acetic acid induced writhing reflex and tail flick models were used in the evaluation of the analgesic activities. The rats were grouped into five (A-E) groups of six rats each. The group A and B received 10 ml/kg of water and 200 mg/kg of aspirin respectively. Group C-E received 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively. Results: The extract caused a significant (p

The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between the volatility of real exchange rate of own country and the G-3 countries (United States of America, Japan, and Germany/ or Euro zone) and the economic growth in developing countries. We draw a sample of African economies namely Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, Malawi, Zambia and Mali and utilize quarterly data from the period 1980 -2013 which is divided into two periods 19802001 and 2002 – 2013. We apply the residual based cointegration test of Kao and Johansen –Fisher combined cointegration test to detect the long run relationships among the variables. Finally, we employ the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares of Philips and Hansen to estimate the long run coefficients of the model. The main results are: the long run relationships among the variables are strongly stable in the period 1980 – 2001 Original Research Article Onwuka and Obi; BJEMT, 6(1): 61-77, 2015; Article no.BJEMT.2015.043 62 but ambiguous in the period 2002 –2013. The financial system is underdeveloped and it negatively affects the economic growth in the selected African Countries. The own country’s real exchange rate volatility tends to depress the economic growth in both periods. The G-3 countries’ real exchange rate volatilities have mix results. While the Yen/Dollar and the Deutsche mark/Dollar improve economic growth, the Yen/Deutsche does not have any appreciable effect on economic growth in the developing African countries in the period 1980 2001. However, the period 2002 – 2013, the G-3 countries’ real exchange rate volatility tends to depress the economic growth in the developing African countries. These findings suggest that greater stability in international exchange rate system and lower G-3 currency volatility are desirable to promote higher growth in developing countries and which might reduce the possibility of occurrence of exchange rate crises.

Noodle waste (NW) is an alternative source of energy and less expensive compared to maize which is one of the main conventional source of energy in the diet of poultry. This study was designed to determine the effect of replacing maize fraction of the diet with NW on growth characteristics, cost benefits and blood indices of broiler starter chicken. One hundred and twenty day old Anak, 2000 broilers chicks of mean weight of 40.78±1.7g were randomly selected and allotted to 4 dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated thrice with ten chicks per replicate in a completely randomized design. Four diets were formulated to contain 0% (T1), 50% (T 2), 75% (T 3), 100% (T 4) of NW as replacement for maize fraction of the entire diet. Parameters taken were weight gain, feed intake. Feed conversion ratio, total feed cost, and cost per weight gain were calculated. The feeding lasted for 28 days. Blood indices such as packed cell volume (PCV), Red blood cell count (RBC)and White blood cell(WBC) and total protein etc. were measured or calculated. Significant differences (P=.05) were observed in the mean total feed intake of the chicks fed diet containing varied levels of NW. There were significant differences in the mean total weight gain of chicks fed diet containing 100% NW and the control diet (P=.05)