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【Objective】 Waterlogging is a common abiotic stress affecting crop growth and soil functions. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate short-term effect of waterlogging on mineral nitrogen and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the rhizosphere and bulk soil of winter wheat. 【Method】 Waterlogging was imposed at the anthesis stage, and lasted 0 days, 3 days and 5 days, respectively. In each treatment, we measured the mineral nitrogen and the copy numbers of ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in the soil at the end of surface waterlogging, the end of subsurface waterlogging, as well as two days after the waterlogging completely eased. 【Result】 Compared with the control (without waterlogging), prolonged surface waterlogging promoted ammonium nitrogen and reduced nitrate nitrogen in both the rhizosphere and the bulk soil (P