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Ultrasound stands out as the most suitable non-invasive diagnostic technique for examining testicular pathology. It has the ability to differentiate the most relevant causes of acute pain and scrotal inflammation, such as epididymitis, testicular torsion, and acute trauma. In patients with palpable irregularities or scrotal swelling, ultrasound can identify, locate, and characterize both intratesticular and extratesticular masses. Using a high-frequency linear transducer enables detailed visualization of testicular anatomy and surrounding structures. Additionally, it allows for the assessment of vascular perfusion through Doppler analysis. Considering clinical history and physical examination proper training and understanding the technique's limitations significantly enhance decision-making. This analysis covers both the normal sonoanatomy of the testicle and a variety of pathologies that may be of interest in a physician's office., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The thyroid nodule is a frequent lesion within the thyroid. Its incidence is between 50%-60% and most of them are asymptomatic and benign (90-95%) and its diagnosis is frequently made as an incidental finding. The main objective of their study is to rule out thyroid cancer. Cervical ultrasound is the non-invasive diagnostic technique of choice to study the thyroid gland and its pathology, including the thyroid nodule, as it is the technique with the best cost-benefit ratio. Together with the anamnesis, physical examination, personal and family history and laboratory tests, it enables the first diagnostic approach. Ultrasonography allows the description of thyroid nodules according to their structure, morphology, margins, size,echogenicity, vascularization, calcifications and whether or not there are pathological lymph nodes. Subsequently, the application of risk stratification systems, such as the TI-RADS classification, will make it possible to identify those nodules suspected of having a high risk of malignancy, establishing the indication for FNA, which is decisive for the subsequent therapeutic approach. Ultrasound therefore allows the family physician a quick orientation of the patient with a thyroid nodule, especially useful when there is a high suspicion of malignancy. As it is an operator-dependent technique, acquiring knowledge and skills in its use will increase diagnostic reliability., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The aim of this work is to introduce a new condition within temporomandibular disorders, temporomandibular joint compromise (TMJC), a mandibular movement limiting disorder of extra-articular traumatic cause, and evaluate the response rate and safety of treatment. The limiting cause of mandibular movement is the lack of space between the mandibular ramus and maxilla. The main symptoms of TMJC include headache, dizziness, and tinnitus. In many cases, the headache is previously diagnosed as a migraine., Methods: Data were collected from 54 patients aged between 6 and 59 years that had a confirmed diagnosis of migraine according to the 3rd Edition of the International Headache Classification of the International Headache Society of 2018, and were treated for TMJC in a dental clinic. They also presented with other otolaryngological symptoms. A retrospective quasi-experimental study without a control group was carried out due to ethical considerations related to the harmless nature of the treatment., Results: After treatment of TMJC, migraine symptoms disappeared in 52 patients (96.3%, P<.001), and persisted, although with clinical improvement, in 2 (3.7%). There was also an improvement in the other associated symptoms: dizziness disappeared in 23 out of 27 affected patients (85.21%, P<.001), and tinnitus disappeared in the 31 affected patients (100%, P<.001). No significant treatment-related side effects were observed., Conclusions: This study shows the high rate of response and safety of the treatment of TMJC., (Copyright © 2020 Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)