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In this paper, the internal structure and dielectric properties of unsaturated polyester resin-based neat and single-walled carbon nanotube reinforced composites were comprehensively evaluated with the fractal analysis using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The greyscale images, bitmap (BMP) images and 3D tomographic images were obtained by converting the scanning electron microscope images of the materials. It was observed that the distributions of components in the resin for both materials are irregular and their surfaces exhibit anisotropic behaviors. The surface coating rate (SCR) and fractal dimensionality (FD) of the materials were also calculated using the power spectrum. It has been observed that the fractal dimensionality of the composites can be changed by the doping process and the fractalization of the nanotube doped sample increases compared to the pure material due to nanotube agglomeration, spatial distribution and the orientation. The increase in fractalization as a result of this agglomeration and orientation in carbon nanotubes explains the high dielectric constant values observed at low frequencies by increasing the number and size of carbon nanotubes clusters that act as micro capacitors in certain regions of the matrix. It has been reported that the calculations for the surface coverage ratios for both samples also support these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]