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This paper is dedicated to the fundamental research of the mechanical model of a 1/4-vehicle semi-active suspension system with time-delayed state feedback control during wheel vertical displacement. The strategy combining the “equivalent harmonic excitation” optimization algorithm with the particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper. Through the optimization and solution of time-delayed feedback control parameters of the 1/4 vehicle semi-active suspension system, the dynamic response of the vehicle suspension system before and after parameter optimization is studied. The research results indicate that, compared to passive control, time-delayed feedback control of wheel vertical displacement can significantly improve the smoothness, handling stability, and safety of vehicle operation.