126 results on '"Shaw, James A."'
Search Results
2. Challenges navigating publicly funded home care in Ontario, Canada: Perspectives from unpaid caregivers of persons living with dementia.
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Marani, Husayn, Shaw, James, and Marchildon, Gregory P
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TREATMENT of dementia ,CAREGIVER attitudes ,HOME care services ,NET losses ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,PHENOMENOLOGY ,EXPERIENCE ,SOUND recordings ,EMPLOYMENT ,HEALTH insurance ,ENDOWMENTS - Abstract
In Canada, persons living with dementia represent a sizable number of home care recipients. Although home care is not wholly publicly funded under provincial health insurance plans, some provinces like Ontario subsidize a maximum number of hours of home care provided by a personal support worker (PSW) on the basis of need. The public subsidization of home care may be interpreted as a mechanism of financial risk protection, enabling unpaid caregivers to maintain employment, income levels, and personal health. However, deficits in the availability of home care call into question how the organization of home care may be contributing to financial risk among unpaid caregivers. Inspired by qualitative phenomenology, this study describes the financial risks experienced by unpaid caregivers of persons living with dementia navigating publicly funded homecare in Ontario. Based on 24 interviews conducted between August-December, 2020, we found financial risk emerges across three dimensions: 1) receiving information about publicly funded home care that anticipates future care needs; 2) receiving flexible hours of support from a PSW; and 3) maintaining consistent access to quality support. Financial risks included turning to privately funded home care options, or taking time off work to provide care. Findings may inform local and international home care reforms aiming to protect caregivers from financial risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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3. Perceptions and approaches of golf coaches towards strength and conditioning activities for youth golfers.
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Shaw, James, Gould, Zachariah I, Oliver, Jon L, and Lloyd, Rhodri S
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WARMUP ,COACHES (Athletics) ,GOLFERS ,GOLF ,RESISTANCE training ,COACHING (Athletics) - Abstract
Golfers who want to improve their technical proficiency will undoubtedly hire a swing coach who may also influence and give advice on how the golfer can improve outside of technical enhancement (i.e. strength and conditioning, warm-ups, cool-downs etc.). With research examining the effects of strength and conditioning on youth golfers beginning to materialise, it is important to ascertain golf coaches' perceptions of strength and conditioning, warm-ups and cool-downs and how they are utilised with youth golfers. Fifty Professional Golfers' Association Professionals and Assistant Professionals completed an online questionnaire on their perceptions of, and approaches to, strength and conditioning, warm-up and cool-down activities for youth golfers. Data indicated that 84% and 80% of coaches perceived strength and conditioning could enhance golf swing performance and reduce the risk of injury, respectively. Although all coaches agreed golfers aged 18 years and under can take part in strength and conditioning activities, there was no consensus on when a golfer should start strength and conditioning activities, with most coaches unaware of the existing guidelines surrounding youth resistance training. Warm-ups are perceived by coaches to be beneficial for youth golfers with > 75% of coaches stating their players completed a warm-up, however, the modes of exercise coaches deemed suitable for a warm-up were varied. Cool-downs were deemed beneficial for aiding recovery post-round, yet over half of coaches selected their players did not habitually complete one. Findings from the questionnaire highlight that although perceptions towards strength and conditioning, warm-ups and cool-downs are positive, educational solutions to disseminate the underlying contemporary guidelines and practical applications to coaches and players are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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4. Determinants of Effective Information Sharing in Publicly Funded Infrastructure Projects: A Scoping Review.
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Kashef Al-Ghetaa, Rayeh, Shaw, James, Alabousi, Mostafa, Klein, David, Imtiaz, Daniel, Teja, Bijan, and Brown, Adalsteinn
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INFORMATION sharing ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,CONTRACT management ,INFRASTRUCTURE funds ,DETERMINANTS (Mathematics) ,HUMAN resources departments - Abstract
Using qualitative (content) analysis, we provide a framework highlighting the determinants of effective inter-organization information sharing in developing infrastructure projects. We examined the determinants of effective inter-organization information sharing in publicly funded physical infrastructure projects, focusing mainly on health, education, and transportation projects. The literature search identified 2,330 citations. A review of these abstracts led to the retrieval of 86 full-text articles, of which 40 met the inclusion criteria. Coordination and collaboration were identified as two of the most important inter-organization processes required for the successful development of transportation, health, and education infrastructure projects. These two processes are enabled by several elements of inter-organization information sharing such as human resources and expertise; incentives and rewards; and effective contract management and record-keeping. Our review also demonstrated that for organizations to effectively implement the determinants of inter-organization information sharing, they must first ensure they form effective interpersonal and intra-organization information sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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5. Spacesuit Center of Gravity Assessments for Partial Gravity EVA Simulation in an Underwater Environment.
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Vu, Linh Q., Shaw, James H., Kim, K. Han, Benson, Elizabeth, and Rajulu, Sudhakar L.
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CENTER of mass , *GRAVITY , *BUOYANCY , *UNDERWATER acoustics , *EXTREME environments , *PREDICTION models - Abstract
Objective: The objective is to analytically determine the expected CG and build hardware to measure and verify the suited subject's CG for lunar extravehicular activity (EVA) training in an underwater environment. Background: For lunar EVAs, it is necessary for astronauts to train with a spacesuit in a simulated partial gravity environment. NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) can provide these conditions by producing negative buoyancy for a submerged suited subject. However, it is critical that the center of gravity (CG) for the human-spacesuit system to be accurate for conditions expected during planetary EVAs. Methods: An underwater force-transducer system and individualized human-spacesuit model was created to provide real-time measurement of CG, including recommendations for weight placement locations and quantity of weight needed on the spacesuit to achieve a realistic lunar spacesuit CG. This method was tested with four suited subjects. Results: Across tested weighout configurations, it was observed that an aft and high CG location will have large postural differences when compared to low and fore CG locations, highlighting the importance of having a proper CG. The system had an accuracy of ±5lbs of the total lunar weight and within ± 15 cm for fore-aft and left-right CG directions of the model predictions. Conclusion: The developed method offers analytical verification of the suited subject's CG and improves simulation quality of lunar EVAs. Future suit design can also benefit by recommending hardware changes to create ideal CG locations that improve balance and mobility. Application: The developed methodology can be used to verify a proper CG location in future planetary EVA simulations such as different reduced gravity training analogs (e.g. active cable offloading systems). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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6. Comparison of Preferences and Data Quality between Discrete Choice Experiments Conducted in Online and Face-to-Face Respondents.
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Jiang, Ruixuan, Pullenayegum, Eleanor, Shaw, James W., Mühlbacher, Axel, Lee, Todd A., Walton, Surrey, Kohlmann, Thomas, Norman, Richard, and Pickard, A. Simon
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Introduction: Discrete choice experiments (DCE) are increasingly being conducted using online panels. However, the comparability of such DCE-based preferences to traditional modes of data collection (e.g., in-person) is not well established. In this study, supervised, face-to-face DCE was compared with its unsupervised, online facsimile on face validity, respondent behavior, and modeled preferences. Methods: Data from face-to-face and online EQ-5D-5L health state valuation studies were compared, in which each used the same experimental design and quota sampling procedure. Respondents completed 7 binary DCE tasks comparing 2 EQ-5D-5L health states presented side by side (health states A and B). Data face validity was assessed by comparing preference patterns as a function of the severity difference between 2 health states within a task. The prevalence of potentially suspicious choice patterns (i.e., all As, all Bs, and alternating As/Bs) was compared between studies. Preference data were modeled using multinomial logit regression and compared based on dimensional contribution to overall scale and importance ranking of dimension-levels. Results: One thousand five Online respondents and 1,099 face-to-face screened (F2F
S ) respondents were included in the main comparison of DCE tasks. Online respondents reported more problems on all EQ-5D dimensions except for Mobility. The face validity of the data was similar between comparators. Online respondents had a greater prevalence of potentially suspicious DCE choice patterns ([Online]: 5.3% [F2FS ] 2.9%, P = 0.005). When modeled, the relative contribution of each EQ-5D dimension differed between modes of administration. Online respondents weighed Mobility more importantly and Anxiety/Depression less importantly. Discussion: Although assessments of face validity were similar between Online and F2FS , modeled preferences differed. Future analyses are needed to clarify whether differences are attributable to preference or data quality variation between modes of data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2023
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7. Advancing the Impact of Critical Qualitative Research on Policy, Practice, and Science.
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Shaw, James, Gagnon, Monica, Carson, Andrea, Gastaldo, Denise, Gladstone, Brenda, Webster, Fiona, and Eakin, Joan
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QUALITATIVE research , *PUBLIC health research , *DISCOURSE analysis , *UNIVERSITY research - Abstract
Discourses of research impact shape the ways in which critical qualitative research and researchers are evaluated in contemporary academic environments. Mainstream conceptualizations of research impact arise from a positivist perspective that challenges the aims and approaches of critical qualitative research. In this paper, we propose a framework for conceptualizing the impact of critical qualitative research on policy, practice, and science. After critiquing literature that presents mainstream views on research impact, we summarize a recent framework for conceptualizing the impact of critical research specifically. We then add to the Machen framework by highlighting the impacts of critical qualitative research on the institutions and practices of science. We provide examples of ways in which researchers at the Centre for Critical Qualitative Health Research at the University of Toronto have made contributions to the impact of critical qualitative research on science, and conclude by addressing implications of this framework for the ways in which critical qualitative researchers can plan and evidence the impact of their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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8. Co-design and ethical artificial intelligence for health: An agenda for critical research and practice.
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Donia, Joseph and Shaw, James A.
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- 2021
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9. Understanding the Pancreatic Islet Microenvironment in Cystic Fibrosis and the Extrinsic Pathways Leading to Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes.
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Al-Selwi, Yara, Shaw, James AM, and Kattner, Nicole
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DIABETES risk factors , *PANCREAS , *LIFE expectancy , *INFLAMMATION , *DISEASE incidence , *ISLANDS of Langerhans , *CYSTIC fibrosis , *RISK assessment , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *INSULIN , *ENDOCRINE system , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive chronic condition effecting approximately 70 000 to 100 000 people globally and is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator. Through improvements in clinical care, life expectancy in CF has increased considerably associated with rising incidence of secondary complications including CF-related diabetes (CFRD). CFRD is believed to result from β-cell loss as well as insufficient insulin secretion due to β-cell dysfunction, but the underlying pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Here we review the morphological and cellular changes in addition to the architectural remodelling of the pancreatic exocrine and endocrine compartments in CF and CFRD pancreas. We consider also potential underlying proinflammatory signalling pathways impacting on endocrine and specifically β-cell function, concluding that further research focused on these mechanisms may uncover novel therapeutic targets enabling restoration of normal insulin secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2021
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10. Associations Between Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Secretion, Muscle and Fat Mass in Cystic Fibrosis.
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Nielsen, Bibi Uhre, Faurholt-Jepsen, Daniel, Oturai, Peter Sandor, Qvist, Tavs, Krogh-Madsen, Rikke, Katzenstein, Terese Lea, Shaw, James, Ritz, Christian, Pressler, Tacjana, Almdal, Thomas Peter, and Mathiesen, Inger Hee Mabuza more...
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Background: A frequent comorbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF) is CF related diabetes (CFRD) caused by a gradual decline in insulin secretion. The reduction in the anabolic hormone, insulin, might explain the weight loss that precedes onset of CFRD. We investigated the association between muscle and fat mass in relation to glucose tolerance and insulin function. Methods: In a cross-sectional study with CF patients (⩾18 years), we conducted an oral glucose tolerance test and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA). Based on plasma glucose, glucose tolerance was defined as normal (NGT): 1-hour <11.1 mmol/L and 2-hour <7.8 mmol/L, impaired (IGT): 2-hour ⩾7.8 and <11.1 mmol/L or CFRD: 2-hour ⩾11.1 mmol/L. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was derived from fasting levels of plasma glucose and plasma insulin, and fat-free and fat mass index (kg/m
2 ) from DXA. Associations were evaluated using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and pancreas insufficiency. Results: Among 79 CF patients with exocrine pancreas insufficiency, impairment of glucose tolerance corresponded to reduced insulin secretion. In the IGT group the fat-free mass index (FFMI) was 1.2 kg/m2 (95% CI: [−2.3, −0.03] kg/m2 , P =.044) lower compared to the NGT group. FFMI increased insignificantly by 0.4 kg/m2 (95% CI: [−0.6, 1.5] kg/m2 , P =.422) among the insulin-treated CFRD group compared to IGT. Fat mass index (FMI) was not different between groups but tended to decrease with glucose tolerance impairment. For each 100 pmol/L increase in fasting insulin FFMI increased by 1.77 kg/m2 (95% CI: [0.21, 3.33] kg/m2 /pmol/L/100) and FMI increased by 6.15 kg/m2 (95% CI: [3.87, 8.44] kg/m2 /pmol/L/100). In multivariate analyses, HOMA-IR was positively associated with FFMI (β = 0.5 kg/m2 /HOMA-IR, 95% CI: [0.08, 0.92] kg/m2 /HOMA-IR, P =.021) and FMI (β = 1.5 kg/m2 /HOMA-IR, 95% CI: [0.87, 2.15] kg/m2 /HOMA-IR, P <.001). Conclusions: Muscle mass was significantly lower among participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), while muscle mass was normalized among those treated with insulin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2021
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11. United States Utility Algorithm for the EORTC QLU-C10D, a Multiattribute Utility Instrument Based on a Cancer-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument.
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Revicki, Dennis A., King, Madeleine T., Viney, Rosalie, Pickard, A. Simon, Mercieca-Bebber, Rebecca, Shaw, James W., Müller, Fabiola, and Norman, Richard
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Background: The EORTC QLU-C10D is a multiattribute utility measure derived from the cancer-specific quality-of-life questionnaire, the EORTC QLQ-C30. The QLU-C10D contains 10 dimensions (physical, role, social and emotional functioning, pain, fatigue, sleep, appetite, nausea, bowel problems). The objective of this study was to develop a United States value set for the QLU-C10D. Methods: A US online panel was quota recruited to achieve a representative sample for sex, age (≥18 y), race, and ethnicity. Respondents undertook a discrete choice experiment, each completing 16 choice-pairs, randomly assigned from a total of 960 choice-pairs. Each pair included 2 QLU-C10D health states and duration. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression, parameterized to fit the quality-adjusted life-year framework. Utility weights were calculated as the ratio of each dimension-level coefficient to the coefficient for life expectancy. Results: A total of 2480 panel members opted in, 2333 (94%) completed at least 1 choice-pair, and 2273 (92%) completed all choice-pairs. Within dimensions, weights were generally monotonic. Physical functioning, role functioning, and pain were associated with the largest utility weights. Cancer-specific dimensions, such as nausea and bowel problems, were associated with moderate utility decrements, as were general issues such as problems with emotional functioning and social functioning. Sleep problems and fatigue were associated with smaller utility decrements. The value of the worst health state was 0.032, which was slightly greater than 0 (equivalent to being dead). Conclusions: This study provides the US-specific value set for the QLU-C10D. These estimated health state scores, based on responses to the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, can be used to evaluate the cost-utility of oncology treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2021
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12. We Need to Talk About Complexity in Health Research: Findings From a Focused Ethnography.
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Papoutsi, Chrysanthi, Shaw, James, Paparini, Sara, and Shaw, Sara
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DECISION making , *ETHNOLOGY , *INTERVIEWING , *MEDICAL care research , *POLICY sciences , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *ADULT education workshops , *ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
There is increasing focus on complexity-informed approaches across health disciplines. This attention takes several forms, but commonly involves framing research topics as "complex" to justify use of particular methods (e.g., qualitative). Little emphasis is placed on how divergent and convergent ways of knowing complexity become negotiated within academic communities. Drawing on findings from a focused ethnography of an international workshop, we illustrate how health researchers employ "boundary-ordering devices" to navigate different meanings ascribed to complexity while they attempt to sustain interdisciplinary communication and collaboration. These include (a) surfacing (but not resolving) tensions between philosophical grounding of knowledge claims and need for practical purchase, (b) employing techniques of representation and abstraction, and (c) drawing on the fluid, ongoing accomplishment of complexity for different audiences and purposes. Our findings have implications for progressing complexity-informed health research, particularly with respect to qualitative approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2021
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13. Incidence and risk factors for stroke following percutaneous coronary intervention.
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Dawson, Luke P, Cole, Justin A, Lancefield, Terase F, Ajani, Andrew E, Andrianopoulos, Nick, Thrift, Amanda G, Clark, David J, Brennan, Angela L, Freeman, Melanie, O'Brien, Jessica, Sebastian, Martin, Chan, William, Shaw, James A, Dinh, Diem, Reid, Christopher M, and Duffy, Stephen J more...
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PERCUTANEOUS coronary intervention ,STROKE ,VENTRICULAR ejection fraction ,MYOCARDIAL infarction ,RHEUMATOID arthritis ,DISEASES in youths - Abstract
Background: Stroke rates and risk factors may change as percutaneous coronary intervention practice evolves and no data are available comparing stroke incidence after percutaneous coronary intervention to the general population. Aims: This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors for inpatient and subsequent stroke following percutaneous coronary intervention with comparison to age-matched controls. Methods: Data were prospectively collected from 22,618 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the Melbourne Interventional Group registry (2005–2015). The cohort was compared to the North-East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study population-based cohort (1997–1999) and predefined variables assessed for association with inpatient or outpatient stroke. Results: Inpatient stroke occurred in 0.33% (65.3% ischemic, 28.0% haemorrhagic, and 6.7% cause unknown), while outpatient stroke occurred in 0.55%. Inpatient and outpatient stroke were associated with higher rates of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular outcomes (p < 0.0001) and mortality (p < 0.0001), as well as 12-month mortality (p < 0.0001). Factors independently associated with inpatient stroke were renal impairment, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, previous stroke, left ventricular ejection fraction 30–45%, and female sex, while those associated with outpatient stroke were previous stroke, chronic lung disease, previous myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, female sex, and older age. Compared to the age-standardized population-based cohort, stroke rates in the 12 months following discharge were higher for percutaneous coronary intervention patients <65 years old, but lower for percutaneous coronary intervention patients ≥65 years old. Conclusions: Risk of inpatient stroke following percutaneous coronary intervention appears to be largely associated with clinical status at presentation, while outpatient stroke relates more to age and chronic disease. Compared to the general population, outpatient stroke rates following percutaneous coronary intervention are higher for younger, but not older, patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2020
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14. Improving the design of heart failure care from the perspective of frontline providers and administrators: A qualitative case study of a large, urban health system.
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Marani, Husayn, Baranek, Hayley, Abrams, Howard, McDonald, Michael, Nguyen, Megan, Posada, Juan Duero, Ross, Heather, Schofield, Toni, Shaw, James, and Bhatia, R Sacha
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HEART failure treatment ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,COMMUNICATION ,HEALTH care teams ,HEALTH facility administration ,HEALTH services administrators ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,INTERVIEWING ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL care ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL protocols ,PATIENTS ,QUALITY assurance ,RESEARCH funding ,URBAN health ,QUALITATIVE research ,JUDGMENT sampling - Abstract
Background: Heart failure patients often present with frailty and/or multi-morbidity, complicating care and service delivery. The Chronic Care Model (CCM) is a useful framework for designing care for complex patients. It assumes responsibility of several actors, including frontline providers and health-care administrators, in creating conditions for optimal chronic care management. This qualitative case study examines perceptions of care among providers and administrators in a large, urban health system in Canada, and how the CCM might inform redesign of care to improve health system functioning. Methods: Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted between August 2014 and January 2016. Interpretive analysis was conducted to identify how informants perceive care among this population and the extent to which the design of heart failure care aligns with elements of the CCM. Results: Current care approaches could better align with CCM elements. Key changes to improve health system functioning for complex heart failure patients that align with the CCM include closing knowledge gaps, standardizing treatment, improving interdisciplinary communication and improving patient care pathways following hospital discharge. Conclusions: The CCM can be used to guide health system design and interventions for frail and multi-morbid heart failure patients. Addressing care- and service-delivery barriers has important clinical, administrative and economic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2020
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15. Wandering as a Sociomaterial Practice: Extending the Theorization of GPS Tracking in Cognitive Impairment.
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Wherton, Joseph, Greenhalgh, Trisha, Procter, Rob, Shaw, Sara, and Shaw, James
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ACTION research ,COGNITION disorders ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,CASE studies ,PATIENT safety ,RESEARCH funding ,TECHNOLOGY ,ETHNOLOGY research ,CAREGIVER attitudes ,WANDERING behavior - Abstract
Electronic tracking through global positioning systems (GPSs) is used to monitor people with cognitive impairment who "wander" outside the home. This ethnographic study explored how GPS-monitored wandering was experienced by individuals, lay carers, and professional staff. Seven in-depth case studies revealed that wandering was often an enjoyable and worthwhile activity and helped deal with uncertainty and threats to identity. In what were typically very complex care contexts, GPS devices were useful to the extent that they aligned with a wider sociomaterial care network that included lay carers, call centers, and health and social care professionals.In this context, "safe" wandering was a collaborative accomplishment that depended on the technology's materiality, affordances, and aesthetic properties; a distributed knowledge of the individual and the places they wandered through, and a collective and dynamic interpretation of risk. Implications for design and delivery of GPS devices and services for cognitive impairment are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2019
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16. Doing Science Differently: A Framework for Assessing the Careers of Qualitative Scholars in the Health Sciences.
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Webster, Fiona, Gastaldo, Denise, Durant, Steve, Eakin, Joan, Gladstone, Brenda, Parsons, Janet, Peter, Elizabeth, and Shaw, James
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SCHOLARS ,CORPORATE governance ,OFFICE politics ,NEOLIBERALISM ,CONSERVATISM - Abstract
Hiring and promotion of qualitative researchers in the health sciences, in Canada and internationally, is impacted by the prestige of quantification as the ultimate measure of scientific quality in current academic and health-care settings. This is further exacerbated by neoliberal notions of productivity, which offer very limited forms of assessment for different ways of producing knowledge or doing science differently. While qualitative researchers share the effects of the politics of productivity and corporate university policies with other academics, we argue that they are disadvantaged by the combination of the latent biomedical conservatism that characterizes the health sciences in Canada with the lack of frameworks to acknowledge and properly assess alternative forms of interdisciplinary scholarship. In our experience, it is challenging for qualitative researchers to advance in Canadian health sciences faculties. In light of this, we propose a framework for evaluating their scholarly work. We have structured this article in three sections: (a) to characterize the academic landscape in which qualitative health scholars find themselves when housed in Canadian faculties of medicine and their schools of health sciences, (b) to report on an organizational scan we undertook in order to understand current practices of evaluating scholarly productivity at these institutions, and (c) to propose a set of criteria that could more appropriately evaluate the contributions made by qualitative researchers working in the health sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2019
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17. Virtual care policy recommendations for patient-centred primary care: findings of a consensus policy dialogue using a nominal group technique.
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Shaw, James, Jamieson, Trevor, Agarwal, Payal, Griffin, Bailey, Wong, Ivy, and Bhatia, R. Sacha
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TELEMEDICINE , *HEALTH policy , *PRIMARY care , *MEDICAL care , *CONSENSUS (Social sciences) , *DECISION making , *PRIMARY health care , *WORLD health , *PATIENT participation , *PATIENT-centered care - Abstract
Background The development of new virtual care technologies (including telehealth and telemedicine) is growing rapidly, leading to a number of challenges related to health policy and planning for health systems around the world. Methods We brought together a diverse group of health system stakeholders, including patient representatives, to engage in policy dialogue to set health system priorities for the application of virtual care in the primary care sector in the Province of Ontario, Canada. We applied a nominal group technique (NGT) process to determine key priorities, and synthesized these priorities with group discussion to develop recommendations for virtual care policy. Methods included a structured priority ranking process, open-ended note-taking, and thematic analysis to identify priorities. Results Recommendations were summarized under the following themes: (a) identify clear health system leadership to embed virtual care strategies into all aspects of primary and community care; (b) make patients the focal point of health system decision-making; (c) leverage incentives to achieve meaningful health system improvements; and (d) building virtual care into streamlined workflows. Two key implications of our policy dialogue are especially relevant for an international audience. First, shifting the dialogue away from technology toward more meaningful patient engagement will enable policy planning for applications of technology that better meet patients' needs. Second, a strong conceptual framework on guiding the meaningful use of technology in health care settings is essential for intelligent planning of virtual care policy. Conclusions Policy planning for virtual care needs to shift toward a stronger focus on patient engagement to understand patients' needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
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18. Reflexivity and the “Acting Subject”.
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Shaw, James A.
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CONCEPTS , *PARTICIPANT observation , *SOCIAL sciences , *QUALITATIVE research , *REFLEXIVITY - Abstract
The ways in which social scientists conceptualize the “reflexive” human subject have important consequences for how we go about our research. Whether and how we understand human subjects to be the authors of our own actions helps to structure what we say about health, health care, and the many other topics addressed in qualitative health research. In this article, I critically discuss assumptions of human reflexivity that are built into qualitative social science of health and medicine. I describe three alternative ways of understanding reflexive thought and human action derived from the theoretical works of Pierre Bourdieu, Bruno Latour, and George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, respectively. I then apply these three different ways of thinking about reflexivity and the acting subject to the analysis of an excerpt of participant observation data from a health services research study of transitions from hospital to home, illuminating the different kinds of analyses that arise from each perspective. I conclude with a call for social scientists to commit to the search for better ways of understanding the human subject, resisting the temptation to “settle” on theoretical statements that close down the path to more sophisticated conceptualizations of human thought and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2016
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19. Cell Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia.
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Liew, Aaron, Bhattacharya, Vish, Shaw, James, and Stansby, Gerard
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CELLULAR therapy ,CHI-squared test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,ISCHEMIA ,MEDLINE ,META-analysis ,ONLINE information services ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Early-phase trials showed the feasibility and potential efficacy of cell therapy in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). For systematic review, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cell therapy versus no cell therapy in CLI were searched from PubMed and the Cochrane library databases. Outcome measures included major amputation, complete ulcer healing, ankle–brachial index (ABI), and all-cause mortality. Data were pooled using 16 RCTs, involving 774 patients. Compared with no cell therapy, cell therapy significantly reduced major amputation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34-0.87: P = .01) and improved ulcer healing (OR: 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44-5.82; P < .01) and ABI (OR: 5.91; 95% CI: 1.85-18.86: P < .01). Peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PB-MNCs; OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12-0.72; P < .01) and bone marrow concentrate (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.21-0.93; P = .03) significantly lowered the risk of major amputation. The PB-MNCs also significantly increased ulcer healing (OR: 5.77; 95% CI: 1.77-18.87; P < .01). All-cause mortality was similar in both groups (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.44-1.40; P = .41). However, all estimates were nonsignificant following reanalysis using placebo-controlled RCTs only. Cell therapy remains a potential therapeutic option in CLI, but further larger placebo-controlled RCTs are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2016
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20. Changing Dialysis Modality during Pregnancy: A Case Report.
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Shaw, James, Katopodis, Christina, Hladunewich, Michelle A., and Ryz, Krista
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- 2018
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21. Destructive leader behavior.
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Shaw, James Benjamin, Erickson, Anthony, and Nasirzadeh, Farzaneh
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LEADERSHIP , *EXECUTIVES' attitudes , *ORGANIZATIONAL behavior , *CROSS-cultural studies , *NONCITIZENS - Abstract
This article provides insights into the important but relatively unexamined issue of destructive leadership in a non-Western country. Although tentative, the article also provides some guidance for expatriate managers in adapting their own behavior to avoid being categorized as “destructive” by non-Western subordinates. In the following pages, we report the findings of a study of destructive leader behaviors among convenience samples of Australian, American, and Iranian leaders. No differences were found between Australian and American leaders in regard to the nature and frequency of destructive behaviors. As a result, the Australian and American data were combined and compared to a sample of Iranian leaders. Destructive leader behavior was measured using the Destructive Leadership Questionnaire developed by Shaw et al. (2011). Although relatively small in magnitude, results consistently indicated that the worst, middle, and best leaders differed significantly from one another in both samples in terms of the level of destructive leader behavior exhibited. In general, the pattern was similar for both the Australian–American and Iranian samples, although small, consistent differences were observed across the two samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2015
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22. Qualitative Inquiry and the Debate Between Hermeneutics and Critical Theory.
- Author
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Shaw, James A. and DeForge, Ryan T.
- Subjects
- *
QUALITATIVE research , *CRITICAL theory , *PHENOMENOLOGY - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Enacting Fall Prevention in Community Outreach Care.
- Author
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Shaw, James A., Connelly, Denise M., and McWilliam, Carol L.
- Subjects
- *
ACCIDENTAL fall prevention , *RISK factors of falling down , *INTERVIEWING , *LEARNING strategies , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *RESEARCH methodology , *PATIENT-professional relations , *MEDICAL personnel , *RESEARCH funding , *JUDGMENT sampling , *THEMATIC analysis , *PATIENT-centered care , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *OLD age , *PSYCHOLOGY - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Destructive leader behaviour: A study of Iranian leaders using the Destructive Leadership Questionnaire.
- Author
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Shaw, James B, Erickson, Anthony, and Nassirzadeh, Farzaneh
- Subjects
ATTITUDES of leaders ,FACTOR analysis ,LEADERSHIP ,CULTURE ,ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness - Abstract
This study examines destructive leader behaviours among a sample of Iranian leaders. Destructive leader behaviour was measured using the Destructive Leadership Questionnaire (DLQ) developed by Shaw et al. (2011). Data from 700 Iranian subordinates who completed the DLQ were used to identify the dimensions of destructive leadership using principle components factor analysis. The factor analytic data were used to develop an Iranian version of the DLQ. Behavioural scale scores were then used to identify a typology of destructive leaders in the Iranian sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Cognitive, behavioural and psychological barriers to the prevention of severe hypoglycaemia: A qualitative study of adults with type 1 diabetes.
- Author
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Speight, Jane, Barendse, Shalleen M., Singh, Harsimran, Little, Stuart A., Rutter, Martin K., Heller, Simon R., and Shaw, James A. M.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes post acute coronary syndrome.
- Author
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Lumsden, Natalie G, Andrews, Karen L, Bobadilla, Maria, Moore, Xiao L, Sampson, Amanda K, Shaw, James A, Mizrahi, Jacques, Kaye, David M, Dart, Anthony M, and Chin-Dusting, Jaye PF
- Abstract
This single visit study examined whether endothelial function, in addition to cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and plasma microparticle content, was normalised in 15 patients with type 2 diabetes + acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (6 weeks–6 months post cardiac event) undergoing standard clinical care compared to 16 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Consequences of Educational Specialty and Nationality Faultlines for Project Teams.
- Author
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Jiang, Yuan, Jackson, Susan E., Shaw, James B., and Chung, Yunhyung
- Subjects
SOCIAL interaction ,STUDENT projects ,GROUP work in education ,PROJECT method in teaching ,INFORMATION sharing - Abstract
This study examines the effects of educational specialty and nationality faultline strength on the team processes of task-relevant information sharing and social interactions and subsequent team performance using data from 308 individuals working in 50 student project teams. We found that educational specialty faultline strength negatively predicted task-relevant information sharing, and that nationality faultline strength negatively predicted off-task social interactions. Furthermore, task-relevant information sharing enhanced team performance and heightened identity salience. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Major Symptom Score Utility Index for patients with acute rhinosinusitis.
- Author
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Revicki, Dennis A., Margolis, Mary Kay, Thompson, Christine L., Meltzer, Eli O., Sandor, David W., and Shaw, James W.
- Subjects
SINUSITIS ,SYMPTOMS ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,LONGITUDINAL method ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,CLINICAL trials ,PRIMARY care - Abstract
Background: Evaluation of acute rhinosinusitis treatment effectiveness is based on patient-reported relief of symptoms. This study was designed to develop a multiattribute utility scoring algorithm for the Major Symptom Score (MSS) and secondarily to evaluate the psychometric characteristics (i.e., validity and responsiveness) of the MSS Utility Index (MSSUI). Methods: Adult patients with acute rhinosinusitis were recruited for this longitudinal observational study through primary care and specialist physician offices. One hundred ninety patients participated in a preference elicitation exercise for MSS health states. Resulting preference data were used to generate a utility scoring algorithm for the MSS. Participants completed the MSS and 20-Question Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20) at baseline and completed the MSS twice daily for 15 days via daily diary. On days 7 and 15, participants completed the MSS, SNOT-20, and Overall Treatment Effect scale and were evaluated by physicians via the Physician Global Improvement Scale (PGIS). Results: At baseline, the mean ± SD. MSSUI score was 0.51 ± 0.17 and was negatively correlated with SNOT-20 scores (r = -0.58; p < 0.001). Days 2-8 average MSSUI scores were negatively correlated with day 7 SNOT-20 (r = -0.46; p < 0.001) and PGIS (r = -0.22; p < 0.001) scores; whereas days 9-15 average MSSUI scores were inversely related to day 15 SNOT-20 (r = -0.40; p < 0.001) and PGIS (r = -0.32, p < 0.001) scores. Mean MSSUI scores improved from baseline with effect sizes at days 7 and 15 of 0.82 and 1.20, respectively. Conclusion: The MSSUI represents an acceptable and psychometrically sound patient-reported end point for clinical trials comparing treatments for acute rhinosinusitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Segmental Neurofibromatosis Follows Blaschko's Lines or Dermatomes Depending on the Cell Line Affected: Case Report and Literature Review.
- Author
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Redlick, Fara P. and Shaw, James C.
- Subjects
- *
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS , *CELL lines , *GENETIC mutation , *NEUROFIBROMA , *CELL differentiation - Abstract
Background: Segmental neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) has the characteristic features of generalized NF-1 but is isolated to a particular segment of the body. Segmental NF-1 results from a postzygotic mutation during embryogenesis in the NF-1 gene on chromosome 17. The embryologic timing of the mutation and cell types affected predict the clinical phenotype. Objective: We present a case of a 52-year-old woman with segmental neurofibromas isolated to the right cheek and neck. We review the recent literature on the genetic and cellular differences between the various clinical manifestations of segmental NF-1. Methods: A MEDLINE search for cases of segmental neurofibromatosis was conducted. Results: In patients with segmental NF-1 presenting as neurofibromas-only, the distribution follows a neural distribution in dermatomes because the genetic mutation appears to lie limited to Schwann cells. In patients with pigmentary changes only, the NF-1 mutation has been shown to occur in fibroblasts and the distribution tends to follow the lines of Blaschko. Conclusion: Our patient's neurofibromas were secondary- to a postzygotic mutation in the NF-1 gene of neural crest-derived cells. This mutation most likely occurred later in embryogenesis in cells that had already differentiated to Schwann cells and were committed to the dermatomal distribution of the right neck and cheek region (C2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A FAIR GO FOR ALL? THE IMPACT OF INTRAGROUP DIVERSITY AND DIVERSITY-MANAGEMENT SKILLS ON STUDENT EXPERIENCES AND OUTCOMES IN TEAM-BASED CLASS PROJECTS.
- Author
-
Shaw, James B.
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL sociology ,ORGANIZATIONAL behavior ,GROUP decision making ,MANAGEMENT science ,INDUSTRIAL psychology ,TEAMS - Abstract
A longitudinal study of 390 students in 64 Practical Organizational Behavior Education (PROBE) project teams was conducted on the effects of intragroup diversity and student diversity-management skills. The impact of gender, age, and nationality variables on student grades, cognitive processes, perceptions of team effectiveness, and satisfaction were examined. Although the PROBE method places emphasis on the development of teamwork skills, the study found that students were disadvantaged in their grade performance and other outcomes depending on the type of group to which they were assigned and their particular position within the group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The Development and Analysis of a Measure of Group Faultlines.
- Author
-
Shaw, James B.
- Subjects
TEAMS in the workplace ,SOCIAL groups ,CROSS-functional teams ,WORK environment ,PERSONNEL management - Abstract
Lau and Murnighan introduced the "faultline" concept into the group diversity literature. Faultlines are "hypothetical dividing lines that may split a group into subgroups based on one or more attributes." Faultlines result from the pattern, not just the dispersion, of attributes among group members. Measures using dispersion indices do not capture faultline potential. This article reports the development of faultline measures and the characteristics of these measures in two samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Long-Term Safety of Spironolactone in Acne: Results of an 8-Year Followup Study.
- Author
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Shaw, James C. and White, Lucile E.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. A CALL for improved school leadership.
- Author
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Halverson, Richard, Kelley, Carolyn, and Shaw, James
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL leadership ,LEADERSHIP ,EVALUATION research ,EVALUATION - Abstract
The article discusses the U.S. Department of Education's formative assessment Comprehensive Assessment of Leadership for Learning (CALL) and its role in the improvement of teaching and learning. Topics include CALL's formative assessment of school leadership practices to improve student learning, the assessment survey's five domains of leadership practice, and the results of a CALL research project performed by the authors. more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. EVALUATING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR TEACHING INNOVATIONS: MORE RIGOROUS DESIGNS, MORE RELEVANT CRITERIA, AND AN EXAMPLE.
- Author
-
Shaw, James B., Fisher, Cynthia D., and Southey, Greg N.
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL behavior ,BUSINESS education ,INDUSTRIAL management ,ORGANIZATIONAL communication ,CORPORATE culture ,EDUCATIONAL innovations - Abstract
This article focuses on the need for more rigorous designs for assessing organizational behavior teaching innovations. The processes and teaching methods of management education have been criticized by numerous management scholars. Educators have acknowledged that the commonly used lecture method of teaching is often ineffective in transforming management theories from buzzwords to useful. In response to the perceived problems with passive methods of instruction like lectures, some educators have experimented with longer term projects and/or organizations in the classroom to provide a more realistic environment in which students can learn about teamwork, planning, and organizing. The purpose of this article is to consider how these new methods can be evaluated, both in terms of the criteria and research designs used, and then to present an illustrative study comparing a new method to a more standard method of teaching Organizational Behavior. In the human resource development profession, it has long been recognized that training programs can be assessed using four levels of criteria: reaction, learning, behavior and results. more...
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. PRACTICAL ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR EDUCATION (PROBE): MODIFICATIONS AND INNOVATIONS.
- Author
-
Shaw, James B. and Fisher, Cynthia D.
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL innovations ,ORGANIZATIONAL behavior ,BUSINESS education ,ORGANIZATIONAL sociology ,GROUP decision making ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,INDUSTRIAL psychology - Abstract
This article presents information regarding recent modifications and innovations in management education by describing how the Bond University in Gold Coast, Queensland, has implemented the practical organizational behavior education (PROBE) approach in teaching organizational behavior. Many management educators have discovered that traditional classroom teaching is relatively ineffective in equipping young and inexperienced students with the interpersonal and organizational skills needed for success in business. At Bond University, the PROBE approach, suggested by researcher John Nirenberg in 1994, involved: first, creating actual companies that carry real financial and emotional risk for students and secondly, focusing all classroom attention on the interpersonal processes of managing a small group and emphasizing that the responsibility for learning is entirely the students. In PROBE, students are formed into companies that must produce a service or product during the semester. At the Bond University, researchers have set out to find a combination of student- and teacher-centered features in order to achieve structural modifications in the educational pattern. One of the structural changes has been to provide students with additional stimulus material to help them focus their thoughts about the PROBE experience. more...
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The Effects of Diversity on Small Work Group Processes and Performance.
- Author
-
Shaw, James B. and Barrett-Power, Elain
- Subjects
DIVERSITY in the workplace ,TEAMS in the workplace ,ORGANIZATIONAL structure ,ROLE playing ,PERFORMANCE ,HYPOTHESIS - Abstract
Diversity is an increasingly important factor in organizational life as organizations worldwide become more diverse in terms of the gender, race, ethnicity, age, national origin, and other personal characteristics of their members. The exact impact of within-group diversity on small group processes and performance is unclear. Sometimes the effect of diversity seems positive, at other times negative, and in other situations, there seems to be no effect at all. In this article, we suggest that these types of findings might be explained by using a "group-development" model to examine the impact of diversity on group processes and performance. Our model uses concepts from Jackson et al.'s (1995), Milliken and Martins' (1996), and other models, as well as our own concepts, to show how diversity affects group development and performance. Among the concepts included in the model are readily detectable personal attributes, underlying personal attributes, cognitive paradigm dissimilarity, cognitive costs and rewards, diversity management skills, group behavioral integration, and cognitive performance resources. In the pages that follow, we will explain each of the components of the model and suggest specific hypotheses generated from the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A Conceptual Framework for Assessing Organization, Work Group, and Individual Effectiveness During and After Downsizing.
- Author
-
Shaw, James B. and Barrett-Power, Elain
- Subjects
TEAMS in the workplace ,DOWNSIZING of organizations ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,RESEARCH ,EMPLOYEES - Abstract
The need for a unified, cross-level (organization, work group, individual employee) model of organizational downsizing has been suggested by several authors (e.g., Kozlowski et al, 1993). The definition of downsizing, in terms applicable only at the organization level, prevents researchers from developing a more cohesive view of the interactive impact of downsizing for the organization, work groups, and individuals. In this paper, we define downsizing more broadly as a constellation of stressor events centering around pressures toward work force reductions which place demands upon the organization, work groups, and individual employees, and require a process of coping and adaptation. This stress-based view of downsizing allows researchers to develop concepts to guide research on downsizing that are more broadly applicable across levels of analysis. To show the advantages of this stress-based view of downsizing, this paper uses concepts from the stress coping literature to identify a set of critical dependent variables that should be studied in downsizing research. We argue that these variables are applicable for organization, group, and individual employee-level research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Effects of Repeated Ingestion of Large Quantities of Acetylsalicylic Acid on Membranous Bone Growth and Dentin Apposition in Young Monkeys.
- Author
-
YEN, PETER K-J. and SHAW, JAMES H.
- Subjects
ASPIRIN ,ANALGESICS ,DENTIN ,BONE growth ,DENTAL pulp ,TEETH - Abstract
Four oral doses of acetylsalicylic acid at 325 mg/kg body weight were given to young monkeys that received a series of injections of lead acetate as an intravital stain. Bone growth, including remodeling of the Haversian canal system, was greatly inhibited, whereas dentin apposition was unaffected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Remodeling of Compact Bone Studied with Lead Acetate as an Intravital Stain.
- Author
-
YEN, PETER K.-J. and SHAW, JAMES H.
- Subjects
COMPACT bone ,BONE remodeling ,ACETATES ,LABORATORY monkeys ,INJECTIONS ,BONE regeneration - Abstract
Remodeling of the osteons or Haversian canal system in compact bone was studied in young monkeys that received serial injections of lead acetate as an intravital strain. The successive stages of the formation of an osteon have been demonstrated. The rate of the filling of the lamellar bone decelerated as the lumen of the Haversian canal decreased. The total formation time of individual osteons was estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Inability of Low Levels of Sorbitol and Mannitol to Support Caries Activity in Rats.
- Author
-
SHAW, JAMES H.
- Subjects
DENTAL caries ,LABORATORY rats ,SORBITOL ,MANNITOL ,STARCH ,SUCROSE - Abstract
Under the conditions of this experimental environment, 5 or 10% sorbitol or mannitol in diets containing 62 or 57% corn starch, respectively, was not capable of supporting caries activity in rats at a more rapid rate than starch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Effects of Tetracyclines on Membranous Bone Growth and Dentin Apposition in Young Rhesus Monkeys.
- Author
-
YEN, PETER K. J. and SHAW, JAMES H.
- Subjects
DENTAL research ,ORAL microbiology ,BONE growth ,DENTIN ,LABORATORY monkeys ,TETRACYCLINES - Abstract
Various tetracyclines were administered by different routes to young monkeys that received multiple injections of lead acetate as an intravital stain of calcification sites. Microscopically, the tetracyclines inhibited membranous bone growth, but they did not affect dentin apposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Influence of Cereal Incorporation in a Caries-Producing Diet on Caries Activity in Rats.
- Author
-
SHAW, JAMES H.
- Subjects
CEREAL products ,DENTAL caries risk factors ,DIET ,CAVITY prevention ,CORN products ,LABORATORY rats - Abstract
Supplementation of cariogenic diet 2700 with 25, 35, or 50% of cereal products had no influence on the gain in body weight or on the caries activity of caries-susceptible rats. Substitution of half of the sucrose in diet 2700 by other cereal products had no influence on the growth of rats, but resulted in small decreases in caries activity; one corn product was the most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Effects of Objective Work-load Variations of Psychological Strain and Post-Work-Load Performance.
- Author
-
Shaw, James B. and Weekley, Jeff A.
- Subjects
LABOR productivity ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,PERSONNEL management ,JOB performance ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,WORK measurement ,TASK performance - Abstract
Variations in objective workloads and their effects on psychological and behavioral strain were the focus of this laboratory investigation. Quantitative and qualitative overload, underload, and transient workload were created by varying the number or difficulty of the problem-solving tasks (anagrams) subjects were given across each of eight trial periods. Overloads were predicted to be more stressful than underloads, and qualitative workloads were expected to produce greater strain than quantitative workloads. Measures taken included: perceived workload, perceived pressure, task enjoyment, self-esteem, self-reported anxiety, hostility, depression, and post-work-load performance. Results were somewhat supportive of the hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Influences of Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium Trimetaphosphates on Dental Caries Activity in the Rat.
- Author
-
SHAW, JAMES H.
- Subjects
DENTAL caries research ,LABORATORY rats ,SODIUM ,CALCIUM ,MAGNESIUM ,PHOSPHORUS - Abstract
The caries-inhibiting abilities of the following trimetaphosphates, Na
3 (PO3 )3 , NaCa(PO3 )3cript>H 2 O, Na4 Mg(PO3 )6 .xH2 O, and Ca3 (P3 O9 )2 .10H2 O, were compared when added at approximately equal phosphorus concentrations to a cariogenic diet for rats. Each of these four compounds was found to be equally capable of inhibiting carious lesions in the occlusal sulci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Remodeling of Cancellous Bone in Young Monkeys.
- Author
-
YEN, PETER K-J., MOIN, KAMBIZ, and SHAW, JAMES H.
- Subjects
LABORATORY monkeys ,BONE resorption ,BONE growth ,MICRORADIOGRAPHY ,AUTORADIOGRAPHY ,VITAL staining - Abstract
Remodeling of the trabeculae in cancellous bone was studied in young monkeys that received multiple weekly injections of lead acetate as a marker. Resorption of old bone and deposition of new bone were demonstrated. The rate of deposition of new bone varied at different sites of the same trabeculae and also at different time intervals of the same site. The total formation time of new bone to fill the trabecular space was estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. PROBLEMS IN PROJECT GROUPS: AN ANTICIPATORY CASE STUDY.
- Author
-
Fisher, Cynthia D., Shaw, James B., and Ryder, Paul
- Subjects
MASTER of business administration degree ,BUSINESS education ,ACADEMIC degrees ,ORGANIZATIONAL behavior ,PROJECT method in teaching ,ACTIVITY programs in education ,GROUP decision making ,INDUSTRIAL psychology ,ORGANIZATIONAL sociology - Abstract
The article describes a three-part case developed to help students think through the problems that might arise in working in heterogeneous groups prior to actually beginning their own group projects. The case was used as part of an orientation program for new Master for Business Administration students. It featured other team-building and getting-acquainted exercises. The case could as easily be used in organizational behavior course or at the start of any course featuring a major group project. more...
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Characteristics associated with successful adjustment to supervision.
- Author
-
Mackenzie, Doris Layton and Shaw, James W.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGICAL research - Abstract
Presents two studies of offender adjustment during community supervision. Positive social activities of parolees and probationers; Characteristics of offenders who successfully completed two phases of a shock incarceration program. more...
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Relation of Arsenic Supplements to Dental Caries and the Periodontal Syndrome in Experimental Rodents.
- Author
-
SHAW, JAMES H.
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of arsenic ,LABORATORY rats ,DIETARY supplements ,DENTAL caries research ,PERIODONTAL disease ,ANIMAL models in research ,BIOMINERALIZATION - Abstract
Dietary arsenic supplements were fed to caries-susceptible rats after the molar crowns were mineralized almost completely, during the mineralization of the crowns, or throughout and after development. No influence on caries activity was observed. Dietary supplements of arsenic to weanling rice rats tended to cause small increases in the severity of the periodontal syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Influence of Experimental Diets on Carious Lesions in the Occlusal Sulci and on the Smooth Surfaces of the Molars of Caries-Susceptible Rats.
- Author
-
SHAW, JAMES H.
- Subjects
DENTAL caries ,DIET ,MOLARS ,LABORATORY rats ,WEIGHT gain ,GLUCOSE ,FLOUR ,SUCROSE ,ETIOLOGY of diseases - Abstract
Three commonly used cariogenic diets were compared to determine why their abilities to support weight gain differed. The initiation and development of various lesions in the occlusal sulci and on the smooth surfaces of rat molars also were evaluated. Relatively small changes in dietary composition tended to cause major changes in caries activity at one or both sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Preliminary Study of Inhibitory Effects of Tetracyclines on Membranous Bone Growth in Rhesus Monkeys.
- Author
-
YEN, PETER K.-J. and SHAW, JAMES H.
- Subjects
BONE growth ,ANTIBACTERIAL agents ,TETRACYCLINES ,CALCIFICATION ,RHESUS monkeys ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Various doses and forms of tetracycline were administered to young monkeys that received multiple injections of lead acetate as a vital marker of the calcification sites. The effects of these tetracyclines on membranous bone growth were assessed histologically; retarded bone growth occurred under some conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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