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Militarized policing strategies aiming to identify and nullify risks to national security in Western nations have become central to the biopolitical regulation of racialized populations. While the disproportionate impact of pre-emptive counter-terrorism policing on 'Muslim' populations has been highlighted, the post-racial techno-politics of predictive policing as a mode of securitization remain overlooked. This article argues that the 'war on terror' is governed by a state of crisis that conditions a pre-emptive biopolitics of containment against (unknown) future threats. We examine how predictive policing is progressively dependent on the computational production of risk to avert impending terror. As such, extant forms of counter-terrorism algorithmic profiling are shown to mobilize post-racial calculative logics that renew racial oppression while appearing race-neutral. These predictive systems and pre-emptive actions, while seeking to securitize the future by identifying and nullifying suspects, evasively remake race as risky, thus rendering security indistinguishable from insecurity. Hence, we assert that state securitization is haunted by a profound sense of racialized dread over terrorism, for it can only resort to containing, rather than resolving, the perceived threat of race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015 the Norwegian police initiated its first national intelligence project—Operation Migrant. One central aim was to predict crime challenges related to increased migration to improve future resource allocation. Based on qualitative interviews with those managing the operation, this article foregrounds the question of how attempts to reduce uncertainties and manage what is perceived as migration-related threats and risks, shape not only ideas of risk in policing of migration but also influence the importance of precautionary logic in regular policing. First, we analyse how knowledge production built on risk management and sharing of risk intelligence products are co-produced by intelligence staff and decision-makers. Thereafter, we discuss paradoxical outcomes of a calculated and precautionary logic applied to policing migrants. Concretely, the article focuses on how anticipatory knowledge practices seem to enlarge the space for probabilities, making it even more complex and contested to reduce and control uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a critical review of key theoretical positions relevant to border control and sets out an agenda for developing these ideas. In 2005 Mythen and Walklate published a theoretical milestone for the study of terrorism in their article 'Criminology and terrorism: Which thesis? Risk society or governmentality?'. Those authors reviewed two theories of risk, considering how each might contribute to understanding 'new terrorism'. Inspired by 'Which thesis?' we review, contrast and compare three key theoretical contributions relevant to penology, criminology and border control: Stump's 'crimmigration' thesis, Bosworth and Guild's adaptation of the 'new penology' perspective, and Krasmann's critique of Jakobs' 'enemy penology' thesis. The article consolidates these important theoretical strands into one critical discussion, highlighting the growing relevance of the pre-crime literature to the study of borders, and signposting potential theoretical developments within border criminology that build on these foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Supreme Court's recent decision in the Guss case has led to several proposals for granting to the states the right to step into the "noman's land" which now exists between federal and state jurisdictions concerning the regulation of labor relations. The author of this article emphasizes that the no-man's land was created by the refusal of the NLRB to assert its full jurisdiction and not by the Guss decision, which simply upheld federal supremacy in dealing with labor relations in interstate commerce. He therefore defends the view that the only Congressional action now required is a directive to the NLRB to exercise its full jurisdiction and the appropriation of sufficient funds to permit this directive to be carried out. The author also explains why federal pre-emption was not an important issue under the Wagner Act, and he concludes by pointing out several sections of the Taft-Hartley Act under which new pre-emption problems may arise in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the impact of Brexit on devolved competences in environmental protection. It maps the post-Brexit division of the United Kingdom (UK)’s internal (devolved) and external (international) competences and how this may shift when competences are returned from the European Union (EU). Crucially, the article suggests that certain of these EU powers do not simply derive from the EU but are, in fact, already held by the devolved regions in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity. Consequently, devolved competences are under threat of being pre-empted as the UK seeks to harmonise otherwise fragmented policies and legislation to comply with obligations at international level. This conundrum is illustrated here using a case study on genetically modified crop cultivation, which identifies the conflicts in the UK’s proclaimed strategy post-Brexit between international obligations and devolved competences and the legal challenges this entails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience describes the capacity of an individual, community or ecosystem to mitigate the impact of a shock or disturbance and then to recover in its aftermath. In recent years, resilience has become the favoured solution for a range of contemporary policy problems including natural disasters, mental health issues and terrorism. However, the concept is understood far less in criminology and counter-terrorism than in other fields such as psychology and natural hazards studies. This article compares resilience-building measures in the Prepare and Prevent strands of CONTEST, the UK government’s national strategy for countering terrorism. Its aim is to explore the benefits and dangers of resilience according to how the concept is defined and applied across different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on evidence from the Framingham Heart Study, Christakis and Fowler in their 2007 article published in the New England Journal of Medicine make the claim that obesity spreads in social networks. Whether they are correct in this assertion is neither the concern nor focus of this article. Rather, what is of interest is the subsequent mobilisation of ‘contagion’ to describe this spread and to account for the emergence of an ‘obesity epidemic’ in contemporary society. Contrary to the argument that there is less stigma attached to obesity, the reporting of the Christakis and Fowler article suggests that being ‘fat’ remains a signifier of moral and physical decay; if we add to this the suggestion that obesity is spread within social networks, it is possible that the stigma associated with body size will begin to mirror that which is attached to other infectious bodies. In order to consider the potential implications of this, the article develops in three directions: it explores the application of contagion as a metaphor for understanding the spread of obesity; it sets this understanding within the context of scholarship on contagion and it draws on critical obesity studies literature to call for a more cautionary approach to be taken when deploying a term that when combined with pre-emptive public health discourse would add significantly to the pathologising of the corpulent, fat or obese body. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This section presents the status of several research on labor laws in the U.S. as of October 1984. Research being undertaken in Cornell University includes a study on preemption in labor law, a study on the experience of tenured teachers under Section 3020A of the New York State Education Law and research on the application of the First Amendment principles of free speech and freedom of association to public and private employment relationships. Meanwhile, Katie Wolfe of the University of Iowa is analyzing the current position of the U.S. National Labor Relations Board on the mandated disclosure of corporate information under the National Labor Relations Act.